(2) The problem of this method of running Ubuntu iso live image is not persistent.
(3) So here is the improved method to add persistent storage to this vm.
(4) # First create an empty image data say 50G in Mac Mini
dd if=/dev/zero of=data.img bs=1m count=51200
(5) # Change the command to invoke the vm to include persistent and increase cpu to 2
./vftool -k vmlinuz -i initrd -d data.img -c focal-desktop-arm64.iso -p 2 -m 4096 -a "console=hvc0 persistent rw"
P.S.
If you compile the latest vftool, which has added the ability to add more image files and the order of the mounted device will follow the parameters you passed in. The article was written using the first version of the vftool and will mount the data.img as the /dev/vda and the cdrom image as /dev/vdb. So if you use the latest version vftool compiled, you have to check the device name of your mounted data.img.
(6) # Attach the vm and create 3 partitions for the created image
sudo fdisk /dev/vda
# Press (n)(p)(1) to create new partition 1
# Press (enter) to accept starting sector and set size to say +25G
# Press (n)(p)(2) to create new partition 2
# Press (enter) to accept starting sector and set size to say +15G
# Press (n)(p)(3) to create new partition 3
# Accept the default options and starting block and ending block
# Press (w) to write to partition
(6) # Format partition as ext4 with labels casper-rw and home-rw in vm, this create the persistent medium for the rw partition.
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vda1 -L docker-data
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vda2 -L casper-rw
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/vda3 -L home-rw
(7) # exit shell and exit vm by ctrl-c
exit
(8) # start vm again and use a new tab using screen command to attach to the vm e.g.
screen -S docker /dev/ttys003
(9) # Create folder to mount /dev/vda1
sudo mkdir -p /mnt/docker-data
# Add this mount commands in /etc/rc.local in order to persist as editing /etc/fstab is ignored in this iso image
cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/rc.local #!/bin/sh -e # # rc.local # # This script is executed at the end of each multiuser runlevel. # Make sure that the script will "exit 0" on success or any other # value on error. # # In order to enable or disable this script just change the execution # bits. # # By default this script does nothing. mount /dev/vda1 -t ext4 /mnt/docker-data exit 0 EOF
cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/systemd/system/rc-local.service [Unit] Description=/etc/rc.local Compatibility ConditionPathExists=/etc/rc.local [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/etc/rc.local start TimeoutSec=0 StandardOutput=tty RemainAfterExit=yes SysVStartPriority=99 [Install] WantedBy=multi-user.target EOF
# enable rc.local see this.
sudo chmod +x /etc/rc.local
sudo systemctl start rc-local.service
sudo systemctl status rc-local.service
(10) Follow the reference article to install docker related packages.
If you have problem when installing docker. Try this = previous verion
apt install docker-ce=5:19.03.14~3-0~ubuntu-focal
(11) # Move docker data-root to the newly created partition
sudo service docker stop
cat << EOF | sudo tee -a /etc/docker/daemon.json
{
"storage-driver": "overlay2",
"data-root": "/mnt/docker-data"
}
EOF
sudo rsync -aP /var/lib/docker/ /mnt/docker-datasudo mv /var/lib/docker /var/lib/docker.old
sudo service docker start
(12) Additionally, install docker-compose
sudo add-apt-repository universe
sudo apt install -y python3-pip
sudo pip3 -v install docker-compose
(13) Test docker
docker run hello-world
docker run -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=rootpassword -e MYSQL_USER=wpuser -e MYSQL_PASSWORD=wpuserpassword -e MYSQL_DATABASE=wordpressdb --name wordpressdb -d arm64v8/mariadb
docker run -e WORDPRESS_DB_USER=wpuser -e WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD=wpuserpassword -e WORDPRESS_DB_NAME=wordpressdb -p 8080:80 --link wordpressdb:mysql --name wordpress -d arm64v8/wordpress
# show IP address
ip addr | grep inet
# test using browser e.g. http://192.168.64.19:8080/
(14) Test docker-compose 1 (wordpress and mysql)
# create docker-compose.yaml
cd $HOME
mkdir my-wordpress
cd my-wordpress
cat > docker-compose.yaml <<EOF
version: '3'
services:
db:
image: arm64v8/mariadb
volumes:
- "./.data/db:/var/lib/mysql"
restart: always
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rootpassword
MYSQL_DATABASE: wordpressdb
MYSQL_USER: wpuser
MYSQL_PASSWORD: wpuserpassword
wordpress:
depends_on:
- db
image: arm64v8/wordpress
links:
- db:mysql
ports:
- "8000:80"
restart: always
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: db:3306
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wordpressdb
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wpuser
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wpuserpassword
EOF
# Start docker-composedocker-compose up -d
# test using browser e.g. http://192.168.64.19:8000/
# after testing bring it down
docker-compose down -v
(15) Test docker-compose 2 (mongo-express)
# create docker-compose.yaml
cd $HOME
mkdir my-mongoexpress
cd my-mongoexpress
cat > docker-compose.yaml <<EOF
version: '3.1'
services:
mongo:
image: arm64v8/mongo
volumes:
- ./data:/data/db
ports:
- '27018:27017'
restart: always
environment:
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: 'root'
MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: 'example'
MONGO_INITDB_DATABASE: 'db'
mongo-express:
image: arm64v8/mongo-express
links:
- mongo
ports:
- "8081:8081"
restart: always
environment:
ME_CONFIG_MONGODB_ADMINUSERNAME: 'root'
ME_CONFIG_MONGODB_ADMINPASSWORD: 'example'
ME_CONFIG_MONGODB_ENABLE_ADMIN: 'true'
ME_CONFIG_MONGODB_AUTH_DATABASE: 'db'
ME_CONFIG_OPTIONS_EDITORTHEME: 'ambiance'
ME_CONFIG_BASICAUTH_USERNAME: 'user'
ME_CONFIG_BASICAUTH_PASSWORD: 'password'
EOF
# Start docker-composedocker-compose up -d --remove-orphans
# test using browser e.g. http://192.168.64.19:8081/ with user password
# after testing bring it down
docker-compose down -v
(16) Change password and install openssh-server
sudo apt install -y openssh-server
# change /etc/ssh/sshd_config PermitEmptyPasswords to yes
PermitEmptyPasswords yes
(17) Use another terminal session to connect e.g.
ssh-copy-id ubuntu@192.168.64.19
ssh ubuntu@192.168.64.19
(18) This iso image has desktop Applications, so it is possible to install vnc server and connect to it via Remote Desktop or vnc://localhost:590x. To install vnc server
sudo apt install -y tightvncserver
vncserver
# restart vncserver in vm
vncserver -localhost
# create ssh tunnel in Mac, where x is the desktop number when starting vncserver
ssh ubuntu@192.168.64.19 -L 590x:localhost:590x # Reference : https://www.digitalocean.com/community/tutorials/how-to-install-and-configure-vnc-on-ubuntu-20-04
https://cat.pdx.edu/platforms/mac/remote-access/vnc-to-linux/
P.S. follow up post for the docker M1 preview and building of docker image with vnc server.
https://iphonesdkdev.blogspot.com/2020/12/20201205.html
If you need port forwarding on macOS to connect to this vm service (e.g. ssh or vnc), see this article https://www.papercut.com/kb/Main/MacPortForwarding
