iPhone Software Development

Darwin CC Tools odcctools_782-1_iphoneos-arm.deb

2012-01-30T23:56:00.007+08:00

Darwin CC Tools, linker and assembler for the iOS.
v782 update
Supports armv6 and armv7

Download here http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/odcctools_782-1_iphoneos-arm.deb
Instruction to build, see here http://github.com/javacom/toolchain4

The last build was v286 and released in 2008
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How to install perl, theos and iphone-gcc in iPhone

2011-10-30T15:30:00.073+08:00

(1) Install the following packages in Cydia
APT 0.6 Transitional (and all its dependencies)
wget

(2) Use SSH login shell commands to install perl & theos (or install them in Cydia by adding Sources)


echo "deb http://coredev.nl/cydia iphone main" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/coredev.nl.list
wget http://coredev.nl/cydia/coredev.pub
apt-key add coredev.pub
apt-get update
apt-get install perl
echo "deb http://nix.howett.net/theos ./" > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/howett.net.list
apt-get update
apt-get install net.howett.theos  rsync

If you have No space left on device error when installing perl , relocate /usr/local to /var/stash/local

(3) Use SSH login shell commands to install iphone-gcc and ldid (or install them in Cydia)


wget http://apt.saurik.com/debs/libgcc_4.2-20080410-1-6_iphoneos-arm.deb 
dpkg -i libgcc_4.2-20080410-1-6_iphoneos-arm.deb 
apt-get update
apt-get install iphone-gcc 
apt-get install make ldid zip unzip com.ericasadun.utilities

(4) Download SDK3.2 Headers and Libs from here
Please take note that the current iPhone-gcc does not support iOS SDK 4.0 or above

(5) copy iPhoneSDKHeadersAndLibs_32.pkg to iPhone

(6) Install SDK and additional libraries to sdk


apt-get update
apt-get install xar cpio
xar -xf iPhoneSDKHeadersAndLibs_32.pkg Payload
cat Payload | zcat | cpio -id
mv Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS3.2.sdk /var/sdk
cd /var/sdk/usr/lib/
ln -s libstdc++.6.dylib libstdc++.dylib
ln -s crt1.o crt1.10.5.o
ln -s dylib1.o dylib1.10.5.o
cp -p /usr/lib/libgcc_s.10.5.dylib .

(7) Create a command line tool project


/var/theos/bin/nic.pl helloworld

(8) Choose [4.] iphone/tool

(9) Edit main.mm and add printf and cout like this

main.mm Select all

(10) Add the ADDITIONAL_CFLAGS and ADDITIONAL_CPPFLAGS in Makefile like this

Makefile (Tool) Select all

(11) Make and test run


cd helloworld
make clean
make
./obj/helloworld

(12) For app, the sample Makefile is

Makefile (Application) Select all

(13) For mobilesubstrate extension, the sample Makefile is

Makefile (Tweak) Select all

For mobilesubstrate extension, download the iPhone headers from http://github.com/rpetrich/iphoneheaders/archives/master

and place the frameworks at top level (i.e. SpringBoard folder copy to /var/theos/include/SpringBoard).
libsubstrate.dylib is also needed in /var/theos/lib folder

Note: perl is needed for creating project folder and compiling mobilesubstrate extension, if you only develop app and command line tool, you could remove perl by using


apt-get remove perl

(14) This is how to combine Tweak and Settings Bundle in a project
/var/theos/bin/nic.pl MyTweak
and choose [5.] iphone/tweak
/var/theos/bin/nic.pl MyTweakSettings
and choose [3.] iphone/preference_bundle
mv mytweaksettings/*.mm mytweaksettings/Resources mytweaksettings/entry.plist mytweak/

Makefile (Tweak + Bundle) Select all

(15) If you want to test the iOS5 Notification Center Widget
get it from http://github.com/WillFour20/WeeAppTest

git clone git://github.com/WillFour20/WeeAppTest.git

and modified with the following Makefile

Makefile (nc Tweak) Select all

and make clean package install

(15) where is IOSurfaceAPI.h in Lion


Here
/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.6.sdk/System/Library/Frameworks/IOSurface.framework/Headers/IOSurfaceAPI.h

iCloud App Sample and entitlement code-sign error

2011-06-11T14:18:00.028+08:00

iOS 5 beta has iCloud support now, but getting the entitlement code-sign to work has some steps that are missing from Apple Documentation.

You should use the new Xcode 4.2 for iOS 5 SDK and with iOS5 on an iDevice.

1) You need to create a new App ID in the iOS Provisional Portal, if you use an existing ID, it must not be a wildcard one. For example, you create a new APP ID called com.yourcompany.icloudtest and the App Name is called icloudtest
When you create the New App ID, you will be asked whether to Generate New or select an existing one for the Prefix (existing prefix can have the benefit of sharing the same keychain access or may be iCloud Document folder). Suppose we generate a new prefix in this case. And the new generated prefix is 99Z9Z98987

2) After created the New App ID, you should first enable iCloud for that New App ID and then create the a New Provisional Profile for that New App icloudtest.

3) Suppose the new Development Profile called "iCloudTest" is created and downloaded to the Mac.

4) Launch Xcode and created an empty Universal Application called "icloudtest" and the Bundle Identifier should be com.yourcompany.icloudtest

5) Import the Development Profile "iCloudTest.mobileprovision" to Xcode and to iPhone/iPad which should be iOS 5 beta

6) Click the Build Settings of the Project and Select the code sign identity to the "iCloudTest" Provisional Profile

7) Click the Summary Settings of the Project and scroll down to entitlements and click the Custom Entitlements, Xcode will create a file called icloudtest.entitlements

8) Click the icloudtest.entitlements in the Project Explorer and add these key rows (Right Click -> Add Row) in the entitlements file
com.apple.developer.ubiquity-kvstore-identifier is String Type
com.apple.developer.ubiquity-container-identifiers is Array Type

9) Enter the Team-ID.com.yourcompany.icloudtest into the Value column. The important part is where to get the Team-ID ?

10) Don't confuse with the Team-ID with the App ID that the development portal generated for you. If you look at the "iCloudTest.mobileprovision" file downloaded as in step 5 above. You will see something like this

Yes, ZZZZ826ZZ2 is the Team-ID where 99Z9Z989Z7 is the App ID in this case

iCloudTest.mobileprovision Select all

The Team-ID can also be found at Your Account area of Member Center
After login the iOS Dev Center, click
Member Center (in top navigation bar)-> Your Account -> Program Membership -> Individual ID

11) Enter the Team-ID + Bundle Identifier in the icloudtest.entitlements as below

icloudtest.entitlements Select all

12) Add these code in the icloudtestAppDelegate.m to test this iCloud App

icloudtestAppDelegate.m Select all

13) Run it in iOS device
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XCode 4 Template

2011-05-02T21:05:00.029+08:00

The new Xcode 4 cannot use the old Xcode 3 templates. There are a few changes

1. Template folder location
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/Library/Xcode/Templates/Project Templates
/Users/<username>/Library/Developer/Xcode/Templates/


mkdir -p ~/Library/Developer/Xcode/Templates

2. The Templates are in folders like

iPad Base.xctemplate, iPhone Base.xctemplate, Cocoa Touch Application.xctemplate
View-based Application.xctemplate Window-based Application.xctemplate

3. The Ancestors, Definitions and Options are defined in TemplateInfo.plist

4. To add files in the Template, you should define them in Definitions like


    <key>Definitions</key>
      <dict>
        <key>___PACKAGENAMEASIDENTIFIER___MyController.h</key>
        <dict>
          <key>Group</key>
          <string>My Classes</string>
          <key>Path</key>
          <string>Classes/___PACKAGENAMEASIDENTIFIER___MyController.h</string>
        </dict>
        <key>___PACKAGENAMEASIDENTIFIER___MyController.m</key>
        <dict>
          <key>Group</key>
          <string>My Classes</string>
          <key>Path</key>
          <string>Classes/___PACKAGENAMEASIDENTIFIER___MyController.m</string>
        </dict>
        <key>README</key>
        <dict>
          <key>Path</key>
          <string>README</string>
<!--       excluded in targets        -->
          <key>TargetIndices</key>
          <array/>
        </dict>
<!--       Other definitions here        -->
      </dict>

Also define in Nodes


      <key>Nodes</key>
      <array>
        <string>___PACKAGENAMEASIDENTIFIER___MyController.h</string>
        <string>___PACKAGENAMEASIDENTIFIER___MyController.m</string>
        <string>README</string>
<!--       Other nodes here        -->
      </array>

5. To add build stage for existing Target


    <key>Targets</key>
    <array>
      <dict>
        <key>BuildPhases</key>
        <array>
          <dict>
            <key>Class</key>
            <string>ShellScript</string>
            <key>ShellPath</key>
            <string>/bin/bash</string>
            <key>ShellScript</key>
            <string>ls -l</string>
          </dict>
        </array>
      </dict>
<!--       Other targets here        -->
    </array>

6. Add New Target


    <key>Targets</key>
    <array>
<!--       Default target here        -->
      <dict>
        <key>Name</key>
          <string>My Target for ___PACKAGENAME___</string>
          <key>TargetType</key>
          <string>Aggregate</string>
          <key>SharedSettings</key>
          <dict>
            <key>PRODUCT_NAME</key>
            <string>$(TARGET_NAME)</string>
          </dict>
        <key>BuildPhases</key>
        <array>
          <dict>
            <key>Class</key>
            <string>ShellScript</string>
            <key>ShellPath</key>
            <string>/bin/bash</string>
            <key>ShellScript</key>
            <string>ls -l</string>
          </dict>
        </array>
      </dict>
    </array>

For ShellScript, please use html codes like these

<	<
>	>
&	&

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ipagod on iPad2

2011-05-01T12:23:00.001+08:00

My GitHub

2011-04-18T12:29:00.001+08:00

My GitHub

http://github.com/javacom

How to calculate Easter Day in iPhone OS

2010-09-03T17:30:00.021+08:00

Recently, I have to implement the calculation of Easter Day.

Here is what I got

Easter Day is always the Sunday after the full moon that occurs after the spring equinox on March 21. This full moon may happen on any date between March 21 and April 18 inclusive. If the full moon falls on a Sunday, Easter Day if the Sunday following. But Easter Day cannot be earlier than March 22 or later than April 25.

To find the the full moon day, I have used the NSChineseCalendar in iOS 4.

and my implementation is here

eastercal.m Select all

This code does not run on Mac OS 10.5 or iOS 3 as the ChineseCalendar was not implemented.
It will only run on Mac OS 10.6 or iOS 4


iPhone-4:root# gcc -I/var/toolchain/sys30/usr/include -F/var/toolchain/sys30/System/Library/Frameworks -L/var/toolchain/sys30/usr/lib -framework Foundation eastercal.m -o eastercal
iPhone-4:root# ldid -S eastercal
iPhone-4:root# ./eastercal 2011
eastercal[3005:107] diffDays is 27
eastercal[3005:107] springEquinoGregorian is 2011 4 17
eastercal[3005:107] Easter Date is 2011 4 24

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iTunes Connect Mobile AppStore Link

2010-06-25T04:25:00.003+08:00

http://itunes.apple.com/us/app/itunes-connect-mobile/id376771144?mt=8

iphone.org.hk/apt/ is down

2010-06-16T08:55:00.004+08:00

Please update the cydia source url

http://cydia.iphone.org.hk/apt/

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Sign up for iAd

2010-06-08T22:35:00.002+08:00

Here in iTunes Connect -> Contracts

iPhone gcc for SDK 3.2 & iPad

2010-06-07T23:17:00.009+08:00

iPhone gcc for SDK 3.2
(1) Install iphone gcc installed in your jailbroken iPad with firmware 3.2

iPhone gcc is available in Cydia. To install it in you need to do these


# assume you have installed APT 0.6 Transitional and Aptitude and wget in Cydia, so that you can use the command apt-get
# if libgcc is broken in Cydia, you have to install it manually before iphone-gcc
wget http://apt.saurik.com/debs/libgcc_4.2-20080410-1-6_iphoneos-arm.deb 
dpkg -i libgcc_4.2-20080410-1-6_iphoneos-arm.deb 
# install iphone-gcc
apt-get install iphone-gcc

Moreover, install these utilities via apt-get as well


apt-get install make ldid zip unzip wget

for editor in iPad you could use vim or nano

(2) Header files for toolchain and SDK 3.2

the header files for SDK 3.2 is available in one zipped tar file (sys32.tgz). You can download it (about 147M) here

(3) copy and untar the required headers and libraries (first copy to /var/mobile/sys32.tgz) and install it in iPad say


mkdir -p /var/toolchain/
cd /var/toolchain/
tar -xzvf /var/mobile/sys32.tgz

(4) Use this sample TabBarSample.zip and unzip it to test.

This TabBar sample source code is compatible with iPad and iPhone gcc, with auto-rotation and auto-resizing support.

http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/TabBarSample.zip


wget http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/TabBarSample.zip
unzip TabBarSample.zip
cd TabBarSample
make install

The package includes a new command line utility called appinstall, it is used to install compiled app to /var/mobile/Applications/* directory for iPad, it simulates the app install process via XCode.
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MFMessageComposeViewController Sample Code (OS 4.0 only)

2010-04-18T19:37:00.014+08:00

Start a new View-based Application Project called SMS2
and have to add the MessageUI framework to the project

Modify SMS2ViewController.h

SMS2ViewController.h Select all

and in SMS2ViewController.m

SMS2ViewController.m Select all

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Enable Homescreen Wallpaper in iPhone Simulator OS 4.0 beta 1

2010-04-17T10:43:00.008+08:00

Edit this file (you need root access

/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator4.0.sdk/System/Library/CoreServices/SpringBoard.app/simulator.plist

and add the key as below
"homescreen-wallpaper" = 1;

The default HomeBackground.jpg and LockBackground.jpg are here
/Users/yourusername/Library/Application Support/iPhone Simulator/4.0/Library/SpringBoard/

As a bonus, if you add this homescreen-wallpaper key-pair, the problem of "iPhone simulator goes black when trying to taking app to background" problem will be solved.

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Enable Emoji Keyboard in iPhone Simulator OS 4.0 beta

2010-04-11T10:50:00.010+08:00

iPhone Simulator can enable Emoji in the new iPhone SDK 4.0 beta (similar to previous releases) in here

/Users/yourusername/Library/Application\ Support/iPhone\ Simulator/4.0/Library/Preferences/com.apple.Preferences.plist

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Local Notification Sample Code (OS 4.0 only)

2010-04-10T12:56:00.018+08:00

Start a new Window-based Application Project called LocalPush

Add an instance variable bgTask in LocalPushAppDelegate


@interface LocalPushAppDelegate : NSObject  {
    UIWindow *window;
    UIBackgroundTaskIdentifier bgTask;
}

It will fire up a Local Notification to remind you one min before the event which is 2 minutes due from now

LocalPushAppDelegate.m Select all

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Old versions of iPhone SDK

2010-04-06T21:01:00.040+08:00

You need Apple developer account to login
But Apple has disabled some of the links recently

iPhone SDK 2.2.1 Leopard (10.5.4)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_for_iphone_os_2.2.1__9m2621a__final/iphone_sdk_for_iphone_os_2.2.19m2621afinal.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.0 (Xcode 3.1.3) Leopard (10.5.7)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.0__final/iphone_sdk_3.0__leopard__9m2736__final.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.0 (Xcode 3.2) Snow Leopard (10.6.0)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.0__final/iphone_sdk_3.0__snow_leopard__final.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1 with Xcode 3.1.4 Leopard (10.5.7)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1__final/iphone_sdk_3.1_with_xcode_3.1_final__leopard__9m2809.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1 with XCode 3.2.1 for Snow Leopard (10.6.0)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1__final/iphone_sdk_3.1_with_xcode_3.2_final__snow_leopard__10a432.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1.2 with XCode 3.1.4 for Leopard (10.5.7)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1.2__final/iphone_sdk_3.1.2_with_xcode_3.1.4__leopard__9m2809.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1.2 with XCode 3.2.1 for Snow Leopard (10.6.0)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1.2__final/iphone_sdk_3.1.2_with_xcode_3.2.1__snow_leopard__10m2003.dmg

Update : You are too late, Apple has removed the links above.

iPhone SDK 3.1.3 with XCode 3.1.4 for Leopard (10.5.7)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1.3__final/iphone_sdk_3.1.3_with_xcode_3.1.4__leopard__9m2809a.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1.3 with XCode 3.2.1 for Snow Leopard (10.6.0)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1.3__final/iphone_sdk_3.1.3_with_xcode_3.2.1__snow_leopard__10m2003a.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.2 Final with Xcode 3.2.2 for Snow Leopard (10.6.0)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.2__final/xcode_3.2.2_and_iphone_sdk_3.2_final.dmg

Xcode 3.2.3 and iPhone SDK 4 GM seed for Snow Leopard (10.6.2)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_4_gm_seed/xcode_3.2.3_and_iphone_sdk_4_gm_seed.dmg

Xcode 3.2.3 and iPhone SDK 4 Final for Snow Leopard (10.6.2)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_4__final/xcode_3.2.3_and_iphone_sdk_4__final.dmg

Xcode 3.2.3 and iOS SDK 4.0.1 for Snow Leopard (10.6.4)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/ios/ios_sdk_4.0.1__final/xcode_3.2.3_and_ios_sdk_4.0.1.dmg

Xcode 3.2.3 and iOS SDK 4.0.2 for Snow Leopard (10.6.4)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/ios/ios_sdk_4.0.2__final/xcode_3.2.3_and_ios_sdk_4.0.2.dmg

Xcode 3.2.4 and iOS SDK 4.1 for Snow Leopard (10.6.4)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/ios/ios_sdk_4.1__final/xcode_3.2.4_and_ios_sdk_4.1.dmg

Xcode 3.2.5 and iOS SDK 4.2 GM for Snow Leopard (10.6.4)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/ios/ios_sdk_4.2_gm_seed/xcode_3.2.5_and_ios_sdk_4.2_gm_seed.dmg

Xcode 3.2.5 and iOS SDK 4.2 for Snow Leopard (10.6.4)
http://developer.apple.com/ios/download.action?path=/ios/ios_sdk_4.2__final/xcode_3.2.5_and_ios_sdk_4.2_final.dmg

Xcode 3.2.6 and iOS SDK 4.3 GM Seed for Snow Leopard (10.6.6)
http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/download.action?path=/ios/ios_sdk_4.3_gm_seed/xcode_3.2.6_and_ios_sdk_4.3_gm_seed.dmg

Xcode 3.2.6 and iOS SDK 4.3 for Snow Leopard (10.6.6)
http://adcdownload.apple.com/Developer_Tools/xcode_3.2.6_and_ios_sdk_4.3__final/xcode_3.2.6_and_ios_sdk_4.3__final.dmg

Xcode 3.2.6 and iOS SDK 4.3.1 for Snow Leopard (10.6.6)
http://adcdownload.apple.com/Developer_Tools/xcode_3.2.6_and_ios_sdk_4.3__final/xcode_3.2.6_and_ios_sdk_4.3.dmg

Xcode 4 and iOS SDK 4.3 for Snow Leopard (10.6.6)
http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/download.action?path=/Developer_Tools/xcode_4_and_ios_sdk_4.3__final/xcode_4_and_ios_sdk_4.3__final.dmg

Xcode 4.0.1 and iOS SDK 4.3.1 for Snow Leopard (10.6.6)
http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/download.action?path=/Developer_Tools/xcode_4.0.1_and_ios_sdk_4.3/xcode_4.0.1_and_ios_sdk_4.3.dmg

Xcode 4.0.2 and iOS SDK 4.3.2 for Snow Leopard (10.6.6)
http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/download.action?path=/Developer_Tools/xcode_4.0.2_and_ios_sdk_4.3/xcode_4.0.2_and_ios_sdk_4.3.dmg

Xcode 4.1 for Snow Leopard (10.6.6)
https://developer.apple.com/downloads/download.action?path=Developer_Tools/xcode_4.1_for_snow_leopard_21110/xcode_4.1_for_snow_leopard.dmg

Xcode 4.1 for Lion (10.7)
https://developer.apple.com/downloads/download.action?path=Developer_Tools/xcode_4.1_for_lion/xcode_4.1_for_lion.dmg

Xcode 4.2 and iOS SDK 5.0 for Snow Leopard (10.6.6)
https://developer.apple.com/downloads/download.action?path=Developer_Tools/xcode_4.2_for_snow_leopard/xcode_4.2_for_snow_leopard.dmg

https://developer.apple.com/devcenter/download.action?path=/Developer_Tools/xcode_4.2_with_ios_5_sdk/xcode_4.2_and_ios_5_sdk_for_snow_leopard.dmg

Xcode 4.2 and iOS SDK 5.0 for Lion (10.7)
https://developer.apple.com/downloads/download.action?path=Developer_Tools/xcode_4.2_for_lion_21179/xcode_4.2_for_lion.dmg

http://developer.apple.com/devcenter/download.action?path=/Developer_Tools/xcode_4.2_with_ios_5_sdk/xcode_4.2_and_ios_5_sdk_for_lion.dmg

Xcode 4.2.1 and iOS SDK 5.0 for Lion (10.7)
https://developer.apple.com/downloads/download.action?path=Developer_Tools/xcode_4.2.1_for_lion/xcode_4.2.1_for_lion.dmg

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iPhone SDK 3.0 API Explorer

2009-12-26T02:19:00.025+08:00

The previous version is for OS 2.2 and is here
http://iphonesdkdev.blogspot.com/2008/12/iphone-sdk-api-explorer.html

It is now updated to support OS 3.0 and with on-line reference to Erica Sadun 3.1.2 class documentation

Installation Instructions:

Cydia Source : http://cydia.iphone.org.hk/apt/
Section: Utilities
Name: API Explorer 3.0

Updated source code for version 3.0 is here
svn checkout http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/apiexplorer3

or download it (revision 25) here
http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/apiexplorer3.zip

The project can be built using Xcode or iphone gcc. The Makefile has been updated, so that it can be compiled under iphone gcc for 3.0 framework. Refer here for the 3.0 headers for iphone gcc.

The Cydia version did not have all the frameworks (e.g. GameKit and others). To explore more frameworks, you need to download the source code and build your own version.

For Xcode, just add the required frameworks before build. For iphone gcc, just add LDFLAGS (like the one below) in the Makefile and then make install.

LDFLAGS += -framework GameKit

If you want to have on-line reference to 3.0.0 framework instead of 3.1.2 from Erica's website, you should build your code.plist. Here is the script to dump the dictionary key-string pairs for 3.0.0


#!/bin/sh
curl -s -L  http://ericasadun.com/iPhoneDocs300/annotated.html | grep "tr..td" | sed -e "s/^.*href=\"\(.*html\)\".\(.*\)\/a.*$/\<key\>\2\/key\>\<string\>\1\<\/string\>/g;"

This is how to dump the method name to class key-string values

method2class.plist Select all

Latest screen dump for version 3.1 (not yet released)

[How-to] compile SmartScreen widget in iphone gcc

2009-12-09T22:34:00.021+08:00

Here is a sample clock widget source from SmartScreen sdk http://media-phone.ch/en/software/smartscreen/sdk/ , I added a Makefile so that it can be compiled under iphone gcc

http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/ClockWidget.zip

Make sure you have installed iphone gcc and 3.0 headers (refer here for the 3.0 headers) and also SmartScreen (Lite or full version) before your testing.

If you have installed toolchain and 3.0 headers under cygwin or linux, just modify the sdk location in the Makefile and it should compile as well.

SmartScreen widget will be installed under the folder /var/mobile/Library/SmartScreen

To compile and install this sample clock widget under iphone gcc


make 
make install

To uninstall the clock widget


make uninstall

This is the updated Makefile for SmartScreen ClockWidget

Makefile Select all

Google Wave, Drag and Drop ?

2009-11-25T22:05:00.005+08:00

Want to enable drag and drop in google wave for your browser ?

Install google gears here

http://gears.google.com

Where is Cycript ?

2009-11-23T23:28:00.004+08:00

Cycrypt is a new project that blends Objective-C and JavaScript to make it easier to implement aspects of both together.
and here it is

http://www.cycript.org/

Examples are here

http://www.cycript.org/examples/


Dial with Cycript: [SBTTYPromptAlert dialNumberPromptingIfNecessary:"+18885551234" addressBookUID:-1 urlAddition:"wasLockAlert=1"];

How to create local and remote ssh git repo in Mac OS X

2009-11-22T14:34:00.019+08:00

(1) Install git for Mac OS X


mkdir ~/src
cd ~/src/
curl -O http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-1.6.5.3.tar.bz2
tar -xjvf git-1.6.5.3.tar.bz2
cd git-1.6.5.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
sudo make install
git --version

(2) Suppose you have a project in ~/myproject
and the remote ssh server login is user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
both client and server have git installed

(3) Create localrepo in local harddisk


git mkdir -p ~/git
git clone --bare ~/myproject ~/git/myproject.git
touch ~/git/myproject.git/git-daemon-export-ok

push to localrepo


cd ~/myproject
git init
git add .
git rm -r --cache build     # ignore the build directory for iPhone project
git commit -m 'Initial commit'
git remote add localrepo ~/git/myproject.git
git push localrepo master
git log

(3) Create sshrepo in remote server over ssh


ssh user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx "mkdir -p /Volumes/HD/git/myproject.git; cd /Volumes/HD/git/myproject.git; git --bare init; touch git-daemon-export-ok"

check the location of remote git binary and the remote ssh login shell


ssh user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx "which git-upload-pack"
ssh user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx "echo \$PATH"

mine is /usr/local/bin/git-upload-pack

if the remote login shell does not include path of git, create ~/.bashrc in your remote ssh login shell


ssh user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx "echo 'export PATH=\${PATH}:/usr/local/bin' > ~/.bashrc"

push to sshrepo


cd ~/myproject
git remote add sshrepo ssh://user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/Volumes/HD/git/myproject.git
git push sshrepo master
git log

Test git clone


cd ~
git clone ~/git/myproject.git workinglocal
cd workinglocal
git log


cd ~
git clone ssh://user@xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx/Volumes/HD/git/myproject.git workingremote
cd workingremote
git log

How to Branch


git branch -r                 # show branch in repo
git checkout -b todo origin/to-do-branch  # checkout a new branch
git checkout master           # checkout the master branch

git checkout localrepo/master # checkout the master branch in localrepo
git checkout sshrepo/master   # checkout the master branch in sshrepo

git branch next                # create new branch
git add .
git commit -m 'commit nextbranch'
git push localrepo next

git branch -b cygwin
git branch -r
git add *
git commit -m 'commit cygwin branch'
git push origin cygwin

How to checkout a previous commit


git log         # show log of previous commit
git log --format=oneline   # show log of previous commit log hex digit
git checkout 838fbf2e9b050d2350694235bbf5e9a11fa7acea  # commit log hexdigit

How to push to github


git config --global user.name "javacom"
git config --global user.email "javacomhk@yahoo.com"
git remote rm origin
git remote add origin git@github.com:javacom/toolchain4.git
git push origin master

How to compile mobilesubstrate extension in iPhone gcc for OS 3.0

2009-10-04T15:08:00.029+08:00

(1) You need iphone gcc installed in your jailbroken iPhone / iPod Touch with firmware 3.0 or above

iPhone gcc is available in Cydia. To install it in you need to do these


# assume you have installed APT 0.6 Transitional and Aptitude and wget in Cydia, so that you can use the command apt-get
# if libgcc is broken in Cydia, you have to install it manually before iphone-gcc
wget http://apt.saurik.com/debs/libgcc_4.2-20080410-1-6_iphoneos-arm.deb 
dpkg -i libgcc_4.2-20080410-1-6_iphoneos-arm.deb 
# install iphone-gcc
apt-get install iphone-gcc

Moreover, you need these utilities as well


apt-get install make ldid zip unzip wget

for editor in iPhone you can use vim or nano

(2) You need the header files of toolchain and SDK 3.0, libsubstrate and classdump the SpringBoard and UIKit headers

The building of iPhone gcc in Linux and header files (updated for OS 3.0) is here in
http://www.saurik.com/id/4

The updated mobilesubtrate header files are here

The classdump procedure is here

But all these involved a lot of downloading and patching, so I put all the downloading/classdump/patching in one zipped tar file (sys30.tgz). You can download it (about 96M) here

(3) copy and untar the required headers and libraries (say copy to /var/mobile/sys30.tgz) and install it in iPhone / iPod Touch say


mkdir /var/toolchain/
cd /var/toolchain/
tar -xzvf /var/mobile/sys30.tgz

(4) Use this sample mobilesubstrate extension (ExampleHook.zip) and unzip it to test. You need to apt-get install mobilesubstrate in iPhone / iPod Touch first

http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/ExampleHook.zip


apt-get install mobilesubstrate
wget http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/ExampleHook.zip
unzip ExampleHook.zip
cd ExampleHook

make (to compile and codesign)
make install (to install), after install you need respring the device to test
make uninstall (to uninstall), after uninstall you need respring as well

respring utility is available from my cydia source http://cydia.iphone.org.hk/apt/

(5) You can also checkout a copy of the iphone backgrounder to test your iphone gcc and mobilesubstrate development environment
http://code.google.com/p/iphone-backgrounder/source/checkout

Install subversion before using svn in iPhone / iPod Touch


apt-get install subversion
svn checkout http://iphone-backgrounder.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/ iphone-backgrounder
cd iphone-backgrounder

I use this modified Makefile to compile iphone-backgrounder

MakefileSelect all

P.S. This is how to compile a standard c++ program in iPhone gcc

test.cppSelect all

Compatible code for OS 2.2.1 and 3.0

2009-08-02T09:57:00.025+08:00

Recently, the itts apple server has a number of changes and one of my favourite opensource app AppSales Mobile failed to get the sales data. It is now updated and thanks to the developer for the updating

http://github.com/omz/AppSales-Mobile/

However, the project was set to compile for SDK3.0, there are only a few changes that need to bring this app to be compatible to OS 2.2.1 and 3.0 at the same time.

Here are the steps involved

(1) Base SDK set to iPhone Device 3.0
(2) In Project Settings, iPhone OS Deployment Target set to iPhone OS 2.2.1
(3) Change the source code in RootViewController.m that have setFont or setImage methods, there are about 18 such changes to be done.

This is how to change the source code by adding respondsToSelector: test before using the deprecated method

change from


  [footer.titleLabel setFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0]];


  if ( [footer respondsToSelector:@selector(setFont:)] ) {
    [footer setFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0]];
  }
  else {
    [footer.titleLabel setFont:[UIFont systemFontOfSize:14.0]];
  }

change from

  cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Daily.png"];


  if ( [cell respondsToSelector:@selector(setImage:)] ) {
    cell.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Daily.png"];
  }
  else {
    cell.imageView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"Daily.png"];
  }

You may get warnings when build to actual 2.2.1 OS device, but this is normal. However, you cannot build to 2.2.1 Simulator.

The modified source is available here
http://code.google.com/p/apiexplorer/source/detail?r=20

Revision 20 is a modified source (as above) for version 2009/7

Revision 23 is the updated modification for version 2009/11/19

to checkout a revision


svn checkout -r 20 http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/svn/branches/AppSalesMobile221 AppSalesMobile221r20
svn checkout -r 23 http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/svn/branches/AppSalesMobile221 AppSalesMobile221r23

If you want to check out a previous version based on the commit hexdigit from the github repo, do this


git clone git://github.com/omz/AppSales-Mobile.git AppSales0731
cd AppSales0731
git checkout -b b0731 ff248e8e6c23386f867514c1c331a469b7d4cf45
git log

javacom change name

2009-08-01T22:54:00.005+08:00

I have been asked by Sun Microsystems to change my App Store name to others stating that Javacom is an Unauthorized use of Java Trademark.

Obviously, I don't have the ability to counter with their request. But I have a few words to say

First of all, my name in App Store is javacom not Javacom
Second, Java and Java applet are not supported by official iPhone App Store app or web app.
Third, I did not program in Java, I only drink a cup of java when I do programming.

May be I have to drink milk instead.... Coffee may not be good for me

Picture Icon in email signature for iPhone

2009-07-27T07:00:00.006+08:00

How to add CSS signature to your iPhone ?

The previous hack was to change the Preferences Settings for jailbreaked iPhone. But I have a better approach for non-jailbreaked iPhone, and with custom picture email signature as well. It works for 2.x firmware.

This will be a new functionality for my app Touch Dial Emoji (version 2.0) in App Store.

See screenshots here

How to build a single iPhone application support both 2.x and 3.0 at the same time

2009-07-12T08:01:00.029+08:00

I asked Apple Technical Support on how to build an iPhone application that runs on iPhone OS 2.x and yet uses iPhone OS 3.0 features if they are available.

They replied with a solution called weak linking

What is weak linking as quoted from http://devworld.apple.com/documentation/MacOSX/Conceptual/BPFrameworks/Concepts/WeakLinking.html

When a symbol in a framework is defined as weakly linked, the symbol does not have to be present at runtime for a process to continue running. The static linker identifies a weakly linked symbol as such in any code module that references the symbol. The dynamic linker uses this same information at runtime to determine whether a process can continue running. If a weakly linked symbol is not present in the framework, the code module can continue to run as long as it does not reference the symbol. However, if the symbol is present, the code can use it normally.

Here's the basic steps:

1. Use the latest tools with the latest SDK.

2. In your project, set the IPHONEOS_DEPLOYMENT_TARGET build setting to the oldest OS you want to support (say iPhone OS 2.0). And use GCC 4.2

3. If you use frameworks that are not present on that older OS, set the frameworks to be weak imported. Do this using the Linked Libraries list in the General tab of the target info window.

if you use Makefile to build the app add this in linker flag
LDFLAGS += -weak_framework MessageUI

and add this key in Info.plist


  <key>MinimumOSVersion</key>
  <string>2.0</string>

This is how to test whether framework is available or not


#import <MessageUI/MessageUI.h>
#include <dlfcn.h>

    if ( dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "MFMailComposeErrorDomain") != NULL ) {
        NSLog(@"%@", @"MessageUI framework is available");
        NSLog(@"MFMailComposeErrorDomain = %@", MFMailComposeErrorDomain);
    } else {
        NSLog(@"%@", @"MessageUI framework is not available");
    }

4. For places where you use C-style imports that aren't present on older systems, check whether the import is present before using it.

5. If you use Objective-C methods that aren't present on older systems, use -respondsToSelector: to verify that the methods are present before calling them.


if ( [[UIApplication sharedApplication] respondsToSelector:@selector(canOpenURL:)] ) {
  if ( [[UIApplication sharedApplication] canOpenURL:[NSURL URLWithString:@"tel:996-1010"]] ) {
    NSLog(@"%@", @"tel URL is supported");
  } else {
    NSLog(@"%@", @"tel URL is not supported");
  }
} else {
  NSLog(@"%@",  @"-canOpenURL: not available");
}

6. If you use Objective-C classes that aren't present on older systems, you can't just use the class directly. For example:

obj = [[NSUndoManager alloc] init];

will cause your application to fail to launch on iPhone OS 2.x, even if you weak link to the framework. Rather, you have to do the following:


NSUndoManager undoManager;
Class cls;
cls = NSClassFromString(@"NSUndoManager");
  if (cls != nil) {
    undoManager = [[[cls alloc] init] autorelease];
    NSLog(@"%@", @"NSUndoManager is available");

    // This tests whether we have access to NSUndoManager's selectors.

    [undoManager beginUndoGrouping];
    [undoManager endUndoGrouping];
  } else {
    NSLog(@"%@", @"NSUndoManager not available");
  }
  undoManager = nil;

7. Test, test, test!

Updated:
There is sample source code for the Mail Composer in Developer site
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/library/samplecode/MailComposer/index.html

How to compile command line utility for iPhone using XCode gcc

2009-07-05T19:35:00.018+08:00

hello.c


echo 'main() { printf("Hello, world!\n"); }' > hello.c

compile hello.c


/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.0 -arch armv6 -mthumb -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS2.2.sdk -o hello hello.c

compile with framework


/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/gcc-4.0 -arch armv6 -mthumb -isysroot /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS2.2.sdk -framework Foundation -framework CoreFoundation -lobjc -std=c99 main.m -o main

codesign in Mac, if you have developer or self-signed certificate (can't codesign it when in ssh session)


export CODESIGN_ALLOCATE=/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/codesign_allocate; codesign -f -s "iPhone Developer" hello

or you can codesign in iPhone, that is, send the binary to iPhone and then fake codesign it


ldid -S hello

This is how to use as (assembler) to compile hello.s to ARM thumb binary
/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/as -arch armv6 hello.s -o hello


# GAS filename : hello.s
# use as to compile
# /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/as -arch armv6 hello.s -o hello
# use otool to disassemble
# otool -tv hello

  .globl _main
  .code 16
  .thumb_func _main
_main:
  push {r7, lr}
  add r7, sp, #0
  add r3, pc
  mov ip, r3
  mov r3, ip
  mov r0, r3
  pop {r7, pc}

.
.
.

Use XCode 3.1.2 to build SDK 3.0 app to 3.0 Device without provisioning profile

2009-06-20T19:27:00.042+08:00

The trick to skip Provisioning Profile for the new XCode 3.1.3 (iPhone SDK3.0) does not work now. The only thing you can do is to use the old XCode 3.1.2 <Old XCode Dir> to build app for 3.0 device if you don't have the official provisioning profile, until new method to skip provisioning profile can be found.

What you need is to install the new iPhone SDK 3.0 (XCode 3.1.3) in a new directory (non-default dir) <New XCode Dir> and copy the SDK3.0 and the necessary device support files to XCode 3.1.2 and use it build app to 3.0 device.

You need to do the followings:

(1) Create a symbolic link from <New XCode Dir>/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS3.0.sdk
to <Old XCode Dir>/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/

(2) Create a symbolic link from <New XCode Dir>/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/DeviceSupport/3.0 (7A341)
to <Old XCode Dir>Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/DeviceSupport/

(3) Backup the folder of <Old XCode Dir>/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr

(4) Replace the folder of <Old XCode Dir>/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr
by <New XCode Dir>/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr

(5) Edit the <Old XCode Dir>/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Info.plist to have the magic keys, may be you have already done so. You can refer to this for instruction.

Info.plist:Select all

(6) Create a self signed identity say "iPhone Pwned Developer" in your Mac (you probably have this already) see Apple Guide here

(7) Remember to restart Xcode (your old Xcode 3.1.2)

(8) Install the Installd Patch for OS 3.0 to your 3.0 device. This package is in Tweaks Section from the Cydia Source http://iphone.org.hk/apt/ which is released by me. Please reboot device after installation of this package.

(9) Create New Project in in XCode 3.1.2 and in Info.plist, add the magic key of SignerIdentity, you probably know this already. (update, you don't need this after installd patch and for OS 3.0 or above)


<key>SignerIdentity</key>
<string>Apple iPhone OS Application Signing</string>

(10) Use the codesign identity as created in step 6 above to codesign the binary and Build and Go to 3.0 device

P. S. I did not copy the Simulator SDK 3.0, because I can use the iPhone SDK 3.0 in <New XCode Dir> to test 3.0 Simulator. If you want to update the documentation in your old XCode, it is in <New XCode Dir>/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/Documentation

You can use move instead of symbolic link, if you want to uninstall the <New XCode Dir>

For those who wants to get the iPhone SDK 2.2.1 (XCode 3.1.2) , try the direct download link here (you need to login your developer account)

iPhone SDK 2.2.1 direct download link
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_for_iphone_os_2.2.1__9m2621a__final/iphone_sdk_for_iphone_os_2.2.19m2621afinal.dmg

iPhone SDK 2.2 direct download link
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_for_iphone_os_2.2__9m2621__final/iphone_sdk_for_iphone_os_2.2_9m2621_final.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.0 (Xcode 3.1.3) Leopard direct download link
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.0__final/iphone_sdk_3.0__leopard__9m2736__final.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.0 (Xcode 3.2) Snow Leopard direct download link
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.0__final/iphone_sdk_3.0__snow_leopard__final.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1 with Xcode 3.1.4 Leopard direct download link
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1__final/iphone_sdk_3.1_with_xcode_3.1_final__leopard__9m2809.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1 with XCode 3.2.1 for Snow Leopard
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1__final/iphone_sdk_3.1_with_xcode_3.2_final__snow_leopard__10a432.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1.2 with XCode 3.1.4 for Leopard
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1.2__final/iphone_sdk_3.1.2_with_xcode_3.1.4__leopard__9m2809.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1.2 with XCode 3.2.1 for Snow Leopard
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1.2__final/iphone_sdk_3.1.2_with_xcode_3.2.1__snow_leopard__10m2003.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1.3 with XCode 3.1.4 for Leopard
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1.3__final/iphone_sdk_3.1.3_with_xcode_3.1.4__leopard__9m2809a.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.1.3 with XCode 3.2.1 for Snow Leopard
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.1.3__final/iphone_sdk_3.1.3_with_xcode_3.2.1__snow_leopard__10m2003a.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.2 beta 4 with Xcode 3.2.2 (Snow Leopard)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.2_beta_4/iphone_sdk_3.2_beta_4_with_xcode_3.2.2.dmg

iPhone SDK 3.2 with Xcode 3.2.2 (Snow Leopard)
http://developer.apple.com/iphone/download.action?path=/iphone/iphone_sdk_3.2__final/xcode_3.2.2_and_iphone_sdk_3.2_final.dmg

Updates: use this script to patch "iPhoneOS\ Build\ System\ Support". If you think the use of dd utility is fragile, don't use it.

patch.sh Select all

Enjoy.
.
.
.

OpenGL ES for iPhone : Part 4 with More Drawings and OpenGL Screen Save

2009-05-15T21:08:00.040+08:00

In some OpenGL 1.x books you might notice that the gl commands (like belows) are within the code block of glBegin() and glEnd() pair. These gl* commands must be converted to Vertices Array in order to be useful for OpenGL ES for iPhone.


glBegin(GL_LINE_STRIP);
z = -50.0f;
for(angle = 0.0f; angle <= (2.0f*GL_PI)*3.0f; angle += 0.1f)  {    x = 50.0f*sin(angle);    y = 50.0f*cos(angle);    // Specify the point and move the z value up a little    glVertex3f(x, y, z);    z += 0.5f;  }  // Done drawing points  glEnd();

Typically, you remove the glBegin() and glEnd() commands (that is immediate mode) and create the vertices array and implement the vertices position calculation (if any) inside the setupView and then remove other unsupported gl* commands before putting them to the iPhone OpenGL ES project code.

This is an example converting from the immediate mode to vertex arrays

immediate mode


glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
  glVertex3f(-2.0, 0.5, 0.0);
  glVertex3f(0.0, 4.0, -2.0);
  glVertex3f(1.5, 2.5, -0.5);
glEnd();

vertex arrays


GLfloat vertices[] = { -2.0, 0.5, 0.0, 0.0, 4.0, -2.0, 1.5, 2.5, -0.5 };
glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, vertices);
glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, 0, 3);

OpenGL ES does not support the full set of vertex array functions or parameters present in OpenGL






























Function Notes
glBegin() Not supported.
glEnd() Not supported.
glEdgeFlag[v]() Not supported.
glVertex{234}{sifd}[v]() Not supported.
glNormal3f() Supported.
glNormal3{bsifd}[v]() Not supported.
glNormal3{bsifd}[v]() Not supported.
glTexCoord{1234}{sifd}[v]() Not supported.
glMultiTexCoord4f() Supported.
glMultiTexCoord{1234}{sifd}[v]() Not supported.
glColor4f() Supported.
glColor{34}{bsifd ub us ui}[v]() Not supported.
glIndex{sifd ub}[v]() Not supported.
glVertexPointer() Supported.
Type cannot be GL_INT or GL_DOUBLE, but support for
GL_BYTE has been added.
glNormalPointer() Supported.
Type cannot be GL_INT or GL_DOUBLE, but support for
GL_BYTE has been added.
glColorPointer() Supported.
Type cannot be GL_INT or GL_DOUBLE, but
support for GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE has been added. 
In addition, the alpha value must be included with all colors; 
there is no support for specifying only the RGB values.
glIndexPointer() Not supported.
glTexCoordPointer() Supported.
  Type cannot be GL_INT or GL_DOUBLE, but support
for GL_BYTE has been added. Also, because there is no support
for 1D textures, at least 2 texture coordinates must be provided
per vertex.
glEdgeFlagPointer() Not supported.
glInterleavedArrays() Not supported.
glArrayElement() Not supported.
glDrawArrays() GL_POINTS, GL_LINES, GL_LINE_LOOP, GL_LINE_STRIP, GL_TRIANGLES,
GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, and GL_TRIANGLE_FAN are supported.
GL_QUADS, GL_QUAD_STRIP, and GL_POLYGON are not supported.
glDrawElements() GL_POINTS, GL_LINES, GL_LINE_LOOP, GL_LINE_STRIP, GL_TRIANGLES,
GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, and GL_TRIANGLE_FAN are supported.
GL_QUADS, GL_QUAD_STRIP, and GL_POLYGON are not
supported. Type must either be GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE or
GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT (not GL_UNSIGNED_INT).
glDrawRangeElements() Supported.
glEnableClientState() Valid for all supported attributes.
glDisableClientState() Valid for all supported attributes.

Here are some of the typical drawings in 3D. This one is for a rotating Spiral

To use the source codes here, you just need to create a new project from OpenGL ES Application template of XCode and copy the source codes of EAGLView.m from below and paste them for Build & Go in XCode.

EAGLView.m (for Spiral) Select all: // // EAGLView.m // Spiral // #import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h> #import <OpenGLES/EAGLDrawable.h> #import "EAGLView.h" #define USE_DEPTH_BUFFER 0 // A class extension to declare private methods @interface EAGLView () @property (nonatomic, retain) EAGLContext *context; @property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimer *animationTimer; - (BOOL) createFramebuffer; - (void) destroyFramebuffer; @end @implementation EAGLView @synthesize context; @synthesize animationTimer; @synthesize animationInterval; // You must implement this method + (Class)layerClass { return [CAEAGLLayer class]; } #define kAnimationFrequency 60.0 //The GL view is stored in the nib file. When it's unarchived it's sent -initWithCoder: - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder { if ((self = [super initWithCoder:coder])) { // Get the layer CAEAGLLayer *eaglLayer = (CAEAGLLayer *)self.layer; eaglLayer.opaque = YES; eaglLayer.drawableProperties = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO], kEAGLDrawablePropertyRetainedBacking, kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8, kEAGLDrawablePropertyColorFormat, nil]; context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES1]; if (!context || ![EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]) { [self release]; return nil; } animationInterval = 1.0 / kAnimationFrequency; [self setupView]; } return self; } #define GL_PI 3.1415f GLfloat linesVertices[186]; - (void)setupView { // setup the projection matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); //glOrthof(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.5f, 1.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f); GLfloat nRange = 100.0f; GLfloat w = 320.0f, h = 480.0f; glOrthof (-nRange*w/h, nRange*w/h, -nRange, nRange, -nRange, nRange); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); GLfloat x,y,z,angle; // Storage for coordinates and angles int c = 0; z = -50.0f; // Loop around in a circle three times for(angle = 0.0f; angle <= (2.0f*GL_PI)*3.0f; angle += 0.1f) { // Calculate x and y values on the circle x = 50.0f*sin(angle); y = 50.0f*cos(angle); // glVertex3f(x, y, z); linesVertices[c++] = x; linesVertices[c++] = y; linesVertices[c++] = z; // Bump up the z value z += 0.5f; } } - (void)drawView { static GLfloat xRot = 0.0f; static GLfloat yRot = 0.0f; static GLfloat zRot = 1.0f; const GLubyte linesColors[] = { 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, }; [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]; glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer); glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight); // Clear background color glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glRotatef(xRot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(yRot, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(zRot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Set Line Width glLineWidth(3.0f); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, linesVertices); // Set drawing color to green glColor4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, linesColors); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 189); glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer); [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES]; static NSTimeInterval lastDrawTime; if (lastDrawTime) { NSTimeInterval timeSinceLastDraw = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate] - lastDrawTime; xRot += 0.1 * timeSinceLastDraw; } lastDrawTime = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate]; } - (void)layoutSubviews { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]; [self destroyFramebuffer]; [self createFramebuffer]; [self drawView]; } - (BOOL)createFramebuffer { glGenFramebuffersOES(1, &viewFramebuffer); glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &viewRenderbuffer); glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer); glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer); [context renderbufferStorage:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES fromDrawable:(CAEAGLLayer*)self.layer]; glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer); glGetRenderbufferParameterivOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_WIDTH_OES, &backingWidth); glGetRenderbufferParameterivOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_HEIGHT_OES, &backingHeight); if (USE_DEPTH_BUFFER) { glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &depthRenderbuffer); glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRenderbuffer); glRenderbufferStorageOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16_OES, backingWidth, backingHeight); glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRenderbuffer); } if(glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_OES) { NSLog(@"failed to make complete framebuffer object %x", glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES)); return NO; } return YES; } - (void)destroyFramebuffer { glDeleteFramebuffersOES(1, &viewFramebuffer); viewFramebuffer = 0; glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &viewRenderbuffer); viewRenderbuffer = 0; if(depthRenderbuffer) { glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &depthRenderbuffer); depthRenderbuffer = 0; } } - (void)startAnimation { self.animationTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:animationInterval target:self selector:@selector(drawView) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; } - (void)stopAnimation { self.animationTimer = nil; } - (void)setAnimationTimer:(NSTimer *)newTimer { [animationTimer invalidate]; animationTimer = newTimer; } - (void)setAnimationInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval { animationInterval = interval; if (animationTimer) { [self stopAnimation]; [self startAnimation]; } } - (void)dealloc { [self stopAnimation]; if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == context) { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil]; } [context release]; [super dealloc]; } @end

And this one is for a rotating Fanned Circle.

EAGLView.m (Fanned Circle) Select all: // // EAGLView.m // Fanned Circle // #import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h> #import <OpenGLES/EAGLDrawable.h> #import "EAGLView.h" #define USE_DEPTH_BUFFER 0 // A class extension to declare private methods @interface EAGLView () @property (nonatomic, retain) EAGLContext *context; @property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimer *animationTimer; - (BOOL) createFramebuffer; - (void) destroyFramebuffer; @end @implementation EAGLView @synthesize context; @synthesize animationTimer; @synthesize animationInterval; // You must implement this method + (Class)layerClass { return [CAEAGLLayer class]; } #define kAnimationFrequency 60.0 //The GL view is stored in the nib file. When it's unarchived it's sent -initWithCoder: - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder { if ((self = [super initWithCoder:coder])) { // Get the layer CAEAGLLayer *eaglLayer = (CAEAGLLayer *)self.layer; eaglLayer.opaque = YES; eaglLayer.drawableProperties = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO], kEAGLDrawablePropertyRetainedBacking, kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8, kEAGLDrawablePropertyColorFormat, nil]; context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES1]; if (!context || ![EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]) { [self release]; return nil; } animationInterval = 1.0 / kAnimationFrequency; [self setupView]; } return self; } #define GL_PI 3.1415f GLfloat linesVertices[186]; - (void)setupView { // setup the projection matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); //glOrthof(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.5f, 1.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f); GLfloat nRange = 100.0f; GLfloat w = 320.0f, h = 480.0f; glOrthof (-nRange*w/h, nRange*w/h, -nRange, nRange, -nRange, nRange); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); GLfloat x,y,z,angle; // Storage for coordinates and angles int c; z = 0.0f; c = 0; for(angle = 0.0f; angle <= GL_PI; angle += (GL_PI / 20.0f)) { // Top half of the circle x = 50.0f*sin(angle); y = 50.0f*cos(angle); // glVertex3f(x, y, z); linesVertices[c++] = x; linesVertices[c++] = y; linesVertices[c++] = z; // Bottom half of the circle x = 50.0f*sin(angle+GL_PI); y = 50.0f*cos(angle+GL_PI); // glVertex3f(x, y, z); linesVertices[c++] = x; linesVertices[c++] = y; linesVertices[c++] = z; } } - (void)drawView { static GLfloat xRot = 0.0f; static GLfloat yRot = 0.0f; static GLfloat zRot = 1.0f; const GLubyte linesColors[] = { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, }; [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]; glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer); glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight); // Clear background color glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glRotatef(xRot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(yRot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(zRot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Setup and render the points glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH); glPointSize(1.0); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, linesVertices); // Set drawing color to green glColor4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, linesColors); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 189); glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer); [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES]; static NSTimeInterval lastDrawTime; if (lastDrawTime) { NSTimeInterval timeSinceLastDraw = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate] - lastDrawTime; zRot+=1.2 * timeSinceLastDraw; } lastDrawTime = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate]; } - (void)layoutSubviews { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]; [self destroyFramebuffer]; [self createFramebuffer]; [self drawView]; } - (BOOL)createFramebuffer { glGenFramebuffersOES(1, &viewFramebuffer); glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &viewRenderbuffer); glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer); glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer); [context renderbufferStorage:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES fromDrawable:(CAEAGLLayer*)self.layer]; glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer); glGetRenderbufferParameterivOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_WIDTH_OES, &backingWidth); glGetRenderbufferParameterivOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_HEIGHT_OES, &backingHeight); if (USE_DEPTH_BUFFER) { glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &depthRenderbuffer); glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRenderbuffer); glRenderbufferStorageOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16_OES, backingWidth, backingHeight); glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRenderbuffer); } if(glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_OES) { NSLog(@"failed to make complete framebuffer object %x", glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES)); return NO; } return YES; } - (void)destroyFramebuffer { glDeleteFramebuffersOES(1, &viewFramebuffer); viewFramebuffer = 0; glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &viewRenderbuffer); viewRenderbuffer = 0; if(depthRenderbuffer) { glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &depthRenderbuffer); depthRenderbuffer = 0; } } - (void)startAnimation { self.animationTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:animationInterval target:self selector:@selector(drawView) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; } - (void)stopAnimation { self.animationTimer = nil; } - (void)setAnimationTimer:(NSTimer *)newTimer { [animationTimer invalidate]; animationTimer = newTimer; } - (void)setAnimationInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval { animationInterval = interval; if (animationTimer) { [self stopAnimation]; [self startAnimation]; } } - (void)dealloc { [self stopAnimation]; if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == context) { [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil]; } [context release]; [super dealloc]; } @end

And also I have found a very nice method saveCurrentScreenToPhotoAlbum to capture the OpenGL view screen here. And below is an implementation on how to capture the screen in iPhone Simulator. You just touch/click the info button at the lower left bottom of iPhone Screen to trigger the screen capture to the Photo Album (Simulator or actual device).

To use the source codes here, you just need to create a new project from OpenGL ES Application template of XCode and copy the source codes of EAGLView.m from below and paste them for Build & Go in XCode. For this screenshot functionality, you need to add the CoreGraphics Framework to the Xcode Project before build & go.

EAGLView.m (Fanned Circle with Screen Capture) Select all: // // EAGLView.m // Fanned Circle with Screen Capture // #import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h> #import <OpenGLES/EAGLDrawable.h> #import "EAGLView.h" #define USE_DEPTH_BUFFER 0 // A class extension to declare private methods @interface EAGLView () @property (nonatomic, retain) EAGLContext *context; @property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimer *animationTimer; - (BOOL) createFramebuffer; - (void) destroyFramebuffer; @end @implementation EAGLView @synthesize context; @synthesize animationTimer; @synthesize animationInterval; // You must implement this method + (Class)layerClass { return [CAEAGLLayer class]; } #define kAnimationFrequency 60.0 //The GL view is stored in the nib file. When it's unarchived it's sent -initWithCoder: - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder { if ((self = [super initWithCoder:coder])) { // Get the layer CAEAGLLayer *eaglLayer = (CAEAGLLayer *)self.layer; eaglLayer.opaque = YES; eaglLayer.drawableProperties = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO], kEAGLDrawablePropertyRetainedBacking, kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8, kEAGLDrawablePropertyColorFormat, nil]; context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES1]; if (!context || ![EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]) { [self release]; return nil; } animationInterval = 1.0 / kAnimationFrequency; [self setupView]; } return self; } #define GL_PI 3.1415f GLfloat linesVertices[186]; - (void)setupView { UIButton *infoButton = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeInfoLight]; [infoButton addTarget:self action:@selector(saveCurrentScreenToPhotoAlbum) forControlEvents:UIControlEventTouchUpInside]; infoButton.alpha = 0.5f; infoButton.frame = CGRectMake(17, self.bounds.size.height-33, 33, 33); [self addSubview:infoButton]; [self bringSubviewToFront:infoButton]; // setup the projection matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); //glOrthof(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.5f, 1.5f, -1.0f, 1.0f); GLfloat nRange = 100.0f; GLfloat w = 320.0f, h = 480.0f; glOrthof (-nRange*w/h, nRange*w/h, -nRange, nRange, -nRange, nRange); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); GLfloat x,y,z,angle; // Storage for coordinates and angles int c; z = 0.0f; c = 0; for(angle = 0.0f; angle <= GL_PI; angle += (GL_PI / 20.0f)) { // Top half of the circle x = 50.0f*sin(angle); y = 50.0f*cos(angle); // glVertex3f(x, y, z); linesVertices[c++] = x; linesVertices[c++] = y; linesVertices[c++] = z; // Bottom half of the circle x = 50.0f*sin(angle+GL_PI); y = 50.0f*cos(angle+GL_PI); // glVertex3f(x, y, z); linesVertices[c++] = x; linesVertices[c++] = y; linesVertices[c++] = z; } } - (void)drawView { static GLfloat xRot = 0.0f; static GLfloat yRot = 0.0f; static GLfloat zRot = 1.0f; const GLubyte linesColors[] = { 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, }; [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]; glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer); glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight); // Clear background color glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f); glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); glRotatef(xRot, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(yRot, 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glRotatef(zRot, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); // Setup and render the points glEnable(GL_POINT_SMOOTH); glPointSize(1.0); glVertexPointer(3, GL_FLOAT, 0, linesVertices); // Set drawing color to green glColor4f(0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, linesColors); glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); glDrawArrays(GL_LINES, 0, 189); glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer); [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES]; static NSTimeInterval lastDrawTime; if (lastDrawTime) { NSTimeInterval timeSinceLastDraw = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate] - lastDrawTime; zRot+=0.1 * timeSinceLastDraw; } lastDrawTime = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate]; } // callback for CGDataProviderCreateWithData void releaseScreenshotData(void *info, const void *data, size_t size) { free((void *)data); }; // callback for UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum - (void)image:(UIImage *)image didFinishSavingWithError:(NSError *)error contextInfo:(void *)contextInfo { NSLog(@"ScreenSave finished\n"); [image release]; // release image } - (void)saveCurrentScreenToPhotoAlbum { NSInteger myDataLength = backingWidth * backingHeight * 4; // allocate array and read pixels into it. GLuint *buffer = (GLuint *) malloc(myDataLength); glReadPixels(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, buffer); // gl renders “upside down” so swap top to bottom into new array. for(int y = 0; y < x =" 0;" top =" buffer[y" bottom =" buffer[(backingHeight" provider =" CGDataProviderCreateWithData(NULL," bitspercomponent =" 8;" bitsperpixel =" 4" bytesperrow =" 4" colorspaceref =" CGColorSpaceCreateDeviceRGB();" bitmapinfo =" kCGBitmapByteOrderDefault;" renderingintent =" kCGRenderingIntentDefault;" imageref =" CGImageCreate(320," myimage =" [[UIImage" viewframebuffer =" 0;" viewrenderbuffer =" 0;" depthrenderbuffer =" 0;" animationtimer =" [NSTimer" animationtimer =" nil;" animationtimer =" newTimer;" animationinterval =" interval;">



In case you might also want to know how to do screenshot for a non-OpenGL ES content programatically.  This is the code for viewcontroller.  If you put the code in a UIView object change self.view to self

- (void) snapUIView
{
    UIGraphicsBeginImageContext(self.view.bounds.size);
    [self.view.layer renderInContext:UIGraphicsGetCurrentContext()];
    UIImage *myImage = UIGraphicsGetImageFromCurrentImageContext();
    UIGraphicsEndImageContext();
    UIImageWriteToSavedPhotosAlbum(myImage, nil, nil, nil);
}



How to classdump SpringBoard header files and patch it
2009-05-13T14:11:00.013+08:00
To classdump the SpringBoard header,

class-dump-x /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS2.2.sdk/System/Library/CoreServices/SpringBoard.app/SpringBoard -H -o Springboard

class-dump-x is available in Mac OS X and iPhone here

class-dumped header files are not directly usable and you should use this patch script to change the import statement of the dumped header files.

 springboardheaderpatch.sh Select all

#/bin/sh
cd SpringBoard
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"ISDownload.h\"/#import \<iTunesStore\/ISDownload.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"ISNetworkMonitor-Protocol.h\"/#import \<iTunesStore\/ISNetworkMonitor-Protocol.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSArray.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSArray.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSCharacterSet.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSCharacterSet.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSDictionary.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSDictionary.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSMutableArray.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSMutableArray.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSObject.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSObject.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSObject-Protocol.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSObject-Protocol.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSOperation.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSOperation.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSString.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSString.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"NSUserDefaults.h\"/#import \<Foundation\/NSUserDefaults.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBAlert.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBAlert.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBAlertDisplay.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBAlertDisplay.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBAlertInputView.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBAlertInputView.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBAlertItem.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBAlertItem.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBAlertWindow.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBAlertWindow.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBApplication.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBApplication.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBApplicationIcon.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBApplicationIcon.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBCallAlertDisplay.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBCallAlertDisplay.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBDismissOnlyAlertItem.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBDismissOnlyAlertItem.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBDisplay.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBDisplay.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBIcon.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBIcon.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBIconList.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBIconList.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBPhoneAlertItem.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBPhoneAlertItem.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBPlatformController.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBPlatformController.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBRingingAlertItem.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBRingingAlertItem.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBSIMLockEntryAlertDisplay.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBSIMLockEntryAlertDisplay.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBSIMToolkitAlert.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBSIMToolkitAlert.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBSIMToolkitGetInputDisplay.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBSIMToolkitGetInputDisplay.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBSIMToolkitTextAlertDisplay.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBSIMToolkitTextAlertDisplay.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBSlidingAlertDisplay.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBSlidingAlertDisplay.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBSoundPreferences.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBSoundPreferences.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBStatusBarContentView.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBStatusBarContentView.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBStatusBarInCallView.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBStatusBarInCallView.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBTVOutController.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBTVOutController.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SBUSSDAlert.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SBUSSDAlert.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"SpringBoard.h\"/#import \<SpringBoard\/SpringBoard.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"TPPhonePad.h\"/#import \<TelephonyUI\/TPPhonePad.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIAlertSheetTableCell.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIAlertSheetTableCell.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIApplication.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIApplication.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIControl.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIControl.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIImageView.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIImageView.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIModalView.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIModalView.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIModalViewDelegate-Protocol.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIModalViewDelegate-Protocol.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIPageControl.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIPageControl.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIPasscodeField.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIPasscodeField.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIPreferencesTableCell.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIPreferencesTableCell.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIPushButton.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIPushButton.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIScroller.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIScroller.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UITextField.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UITextField.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UITextFieldDelegate-Protocol.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UITextFieldDelegate-Protocol.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIView.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIView.h\>/g" *.h
perl -w -i -p -e "s/#import \"UIWindow.h\"/#import \<UIKit\/UIWindow.h\>/g" *.h



Here is another version that will dump and patch the 3.0 SDK SpringBoard headers using sed instead of perl

 springboard30.sh Select all

#/bin/sh
SDKVER=3.0
rm -f pringBoard/* SpringBoard/*
class-dump-x /Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS${SDKVER}.sdk/System/Library/CoreServices/SpringBoard.app/SpringBoard -H -o pringBoard
mkdir -p SpringBoard
for i in pringBoard/*.h
do
  sed "s/\(#import \)\"\(NS.*\.h\)\"/\1\<Foundation\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(UI.*\.h\)\"/\1\<UIKit\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(IS.*\.h\)\"/\1\<iTunesStore\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(SB.*\.h\)\"/\1\<SpringBoard\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(TP.*\.h\)\"/\1\<TelephonyUI\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(SpringBoard.*\.h\)\"/\1\<SpringBoard\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(SPDaemon.*\.h\)\"/\1\<SpringBoard\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(VS.*\.h\)\"/\1\<VoiceServices\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(APS.*\.h\)\"/\1\<ApplePushService\/\2\>/g" $i > S$i
done
grep "import \".*h\"" SpringBoard/*.h



class dump and patch the 3.0 SDK UIKit headers using sed in iPhone

 uikit30.sh Select all

#/bin/sh
class-dump /System/Library/Frameworks/UIKit.framework/UIKit -H -o IKit
mkdir -p UIKit
for i in IKit/*.h
do
  sed "s/\(#import \)\"\(NS.*\.h\)\"/\1\<Foundation\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(UI.*\.h\)\"/\1\<UIKit\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(IS.*\.h\)\"/\1\<iTunesStore\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(SB.*\.h\)\"/\1\<SpringBoard\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(TP.*\.h\)\"/\1\<TelephonyUI\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(SpringBoard.*\.h\)\"/\1\<SpringBoard\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(SPDaemon.*\.h\)\"/\1\<SpringBoard\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(VS.*\.h\)\"/\1\<VoiceServices\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(APS.*\.h\)\"/\1\<ApplePushService\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(WebView.*\.h\)\"/\1\<WebKit\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(WebFrame.*\.h\)\"/\1\<WebKit\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(CA.*ayer.*\.h\)\"/\1\<QuartzCore\/\2\>/g;"\
"s/\(#import \)\"\(DOM.*\.h\)\"/\1\<WebKit\/\2\>/g" $i > U$i
done
grep "import \".*h\"" UIKit/*.h



XCode GCC section missing in build settings
2009-05-02T10:05:00.006+08:00
If you encounter this that the GCC 4 section was missing in XCode



All you need to do is to set the Active SDK to the same value as the Project Base SDK



Then you will see the GCC section again.

But it will disappear when you set it to Simulator again, this is a bug.



 
 
 


APNS : Pushing tweets to iPhone
2009-04-15T07:48:00.006+08:00
see here :
http://arstechnica.com/apple/guides/2009/04/pushing-tweets-to-your-iphone-with-apple-push-notifications.ars

You can modify it to get the RSS feed as well. see code sample here

 pushtweet.m Select all

 while (1 > 0)
 {
 
  TreeNode *root = [[XMLParser sharedInstance] parseXMLFromURL: [NSURL URLWithString:URL_STRING]];
  TreeNode *found = nil;
  for (TreeNode *node in [root children])
  {
   if (![[node key] isEqualToString:@"channel"]) continue;
   if ([[node key] isEqualToString:@"channel"])
   {
    found = nil;
    for (TreeNode *node2 in [node children]) {
//     [node2 dump];
     if ([[node2 key] isEqualToString:@"item"]) {
      found = node2;
      break;
     }
    }
    if (found) break;
   }
  }
  
  if (found)
  {
   NSString *testString = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@:%@", [found leafForKey:@"title"], [found leafForKey:@"link"]];
   NSString *prevString = [NSString stringWithContentsOfFile:TWEET_FILE encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
   if (![prevString isEqualToString:testString])
   {
    // Update with the new tweet information
    NSLog(@"\nNew RSS title from %@:\n   \"%@\"\n\"%@\"\n", [found leafForKey:@"title"], [[found leafForKey:@"description"] substringToIndex:30], [found leafForKey:@"link"]);
    
    // Save the unmessed tweet to the ~/.tweet file
    [testString writeToFile:TWEET_FILE atomically:YES encoding:NSUTF8StringEncoding error:nil];
    
    // handle reserved stuff. There's got to be a better way to escape
    testString = [testString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"\"" withString:@"\\\""];
    testString = [testString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"'" withString:@""];
    testString = [testString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@":" withString:@"-"];
    testString = [testString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"{" withString:@"("];
    testString = [testString stringByReplacingOccurrencesOfString:@"}" withString:@")"];
    
    // push it
    system([PUSH_CMD UTF8String]);    
   }
  }
  
  [NSThread sleepForTimeInterval:(double) delay];
  if (SHOW_TICK) printf("tick\n");
 }


There is also a Mac Xcode project sample on how to push from Desktop App here
http://stefan.hafeneger.name/download/PushMeBabySource.zip
 
 
 


APNS : How to generate JSON payload in C
2009-04-13T14:55:00.014+08:00
For the communication program with APNS, you have many implementation choices, either php, perl, python, ruby or even C#.  

You may wonder why the sample of raw interface given by Apple is a C function.
static bool sendPayload(SSL *sslPtr, char *deviceTokenBinary, char *payloadBuff, size_t payloadLength)

Would there be many implementations that use C /C++ or Objective C ?  I guess the number will be increasing if the developer is looking for scalability and performance.

If you would like to implement it in C variant, you need to implement a raw TLS/SSL socket program (and may be with threading) and the handling of JSON payload.  One of the possibilities is to use open source JSON C Library, but I think it is too heavy to use it here as the communication program needs to construct the Payload message only.  So I write this function (genPayloadData ) to generate the payload message for the APNS.

This source code includes the JSON escape string function and the C structure to generate the APNS Payload.

 apns.c Select all

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <stdbool.h>

#define Debug 1
#define logerror dprintf
#define dprintf if (Debug) printf

#define DEVICE_BINARY_SIZE 32
#define MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE 256

typedef struct
{
 char* alert;
 int badge;
 char* sound;
 char* name_key[4];  //custom key
 char* str_value[4];   // custom key value
 int int_value[4];       // custom key int
 char* action_loc_key;  // for custom button label
 char* loc_key;          // formatted localized string
 char* loc_args[4];   // formatted localized string arguments
} PayloadData;

/* string escaping */
const char *json_number_chars = "0123456789.+-eE";
const char *json_hex_chars = "0123456789abcdef";

char *json_escape_str(char *str)
{
 char *results = (char*)malloc(200);
 char *resultsPt = results;
 int pos = 0, start_offset = 0;
 unsigned char c;
 do {
  c = str[pos];
  switch(c) {
   case '\0':
    break;
   case '\b':
   case '\n':
   case '\r':
   case '\t':
   case '"':
   case '\\':
   case '/':
    if(pos - start_offset > 0)
     {memcpy(resultsPt, str + start_offset, pos - start_offset); resultsPt+=pos - start_offset;} 
    if(c == '\b')  {memcpy(resultsPt, "\\b", 2); resultsPt+=2;} 
    else if(c == '\n') {memcpy(resultsPt, "\\n", 2); resultsPt+=2;} 
    else if(c == '\r') {memcpy(resultsPt, "\\r", 2); resultsPt+=2;} 
    else if(c == '\t') {memcpy(resultsPt, "\\t", 2); resultsPt+=2;} 
    else if(c == '"') {memcpy(resultsPt, "\\\"", 2); resultsPt+=2;} 
    else if(c == '\\') {memcpy(resultsPt, "\\\\", 2); resultsPt+=2;} 
    else if(c == '/') {memcpy(resultsPt, "\\/", 2); resultsPt+=2;} 
    start_offset = ++pos;
    break;
   default:
    if(c < ' ') {
     if(pos - start_offset > 0)
      {memcpy(resultsPt, str + start_offset, pos - start_offset); resultsPt+=pos-start_offset;} 
     sprintf(resultsPt, "\\u00%c%c",
         json_hex_chars[c >> 4],
         json_hex_chars[c & 0xf]);
     start_offset = ++pos;
    } else pos++;
  }
 } while(c);
 if(pos - start_offset > 0)
  {memcpy(resultsPt, str + start_offset, pos - start_offset); resultsPt+=pos-start_offset;} 
 memcpy(resultsPt, "\0", 1);
 dprintf("results:%s\n",results);
 return results;
 return 0;
}



#define APSHEAD "{\"aps\":{"
#define APSTAIL "}"


void genPayloadData(PayloadData myPaylodData, char *msgbuf) {
 char *alert = (char*)malloc(200);
 char *message = (char*)malloc(200);
 char *sound = (char*)malloc(20);
 char *badge = (char *)malloc(20);
 char *msgbufPt = msgbuf;
 bool isAlert=false, isBadge=false, isSound=false;
 bool isToken=false;
 int len;
 int i;

 if (myPaylodData.alert) {
  if (myPaylodData.action_loc_key) {
   sprintf(alert, "\"alert\":{\"body\":\"%s\",\"action-loc-key\":\"%s\"}",json_escape_str(myPaylodData.alert),json_escape_str(myPaylodData.action_loc_key));
  }
  else {
   sprintf(alert, "\"alert\":\"%s\"",json_escape_str(myPaylodData.alert));
  }
  isAlert = true;
 } else if (myPaylodData.loc_key) {  
  isToken=false;
  sprintf(alert, "\"alert\":{\"loc-key\":\"%s\"",json_escape_str(myPaylodData.loc_key));
  for (i=0 ; i < 4; i++) {
   if (myPaylodData.loc_args[i]) {
    if (isToken) {
     sprintf(alert, "%s,\"%s\"",alert,json_escape_str(myPaylodData.loc_args[i]));
    }
    else {
     sprintf(alert, "%s,\"loc-args\":[\"%s\"",alert,json_escape_str(myPaylodData.loc_args[i]));
    }
    isToken=true;
   }
  }
  if (isToken) {
   sprintf(alert, "%s]}",alert);
  }
  isAlert = true;
 }
 if (myPaylodData.badge > 0) {
  sprintf(badge, "\"badge\":%d",myPaylodData.badge);
  isBadge = true;
 }
 if (myPaylodData.sound) {
  sprintf(sound, "\"sound\":\"%s\"",myPaylodData.sound);
  isSound = true;
 }
 if (isAlert | isBadge | isSound) {
  len =  strlen(APSHEAD);
  memcpy(msgbufPt, APSHEAD, len);
  msgbufPt += len;
 }
 else {
  memcpy(msgbufPt, "{", 1);
  msgbufPt += 1;
 }
 if (isAlert) {
  len =  strlen(alert);
  memcpy(msgbufPt, alert, len);
  msgbufPt += len;
 }
 if (isBadge) {
  if (isAlert) {
   memcpy(msgbufPt++, ",", 1);
  }
  len =  strlen(badge);
  memcpy(msgbufPt, badge, len);
  msgbufPt += len;
 }
 if (isSound) {
  if (isAlert | isBadge) {
   memcpy(msgbufPt++, ",", 1);
  }
  len =  strlen(sound);
  memcpy(msgbufPt, sound, len);
  msgbufPt += len;
 }
 if (isAlert | isBadge | isSound) {
  len =  strlen(APSTAIL);
  memcpy(msgbufPt, APSTAIL, len);
  msgbufPt += len;
  isToken = true;
 }
 isToken=false;
 if (msgbufPt-msgbuf < MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE) {
  for (i=0; i < 4; i++) {
   if (myPaylodData.name_key[i]) {
    if (myPaylodData.str_value[i]) {
     sprintf(message, "%s\"%s\":\"%s\"",(isToken?",":""),json_escape_str(myPaylodData.name_key[i]),json_escape_str(myPaylodData.str_value[i]));
     len =  strlen(message);
     if (msgbufPt-msgbuf+len<MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE) {
      memcpy(msgbufPt, message, len);
      msgbufPt += len;
      isToken = true;
     }
     else {
      dprintf("\n!!!!Warnings: Total Payload message overlimit (>%d) when processing %s",MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE,message);
     }     
    }
    if (myPaylodData.int_value[i]) {
     sprintf(message, "%s\"%s\":%d",(isToken?",":""),json_escape_str(myPaylodData.name_key[i]),myPaylodData.int_value[i]);
     len =  strlen(message);
     if (msgbufPt-msgbuf+len<MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE) {
      memcpy(msgbufPt, message, len);
      msgbufPt += len;
      isToken = true;
     }
     else {
      dprintf("\n!!!!Warnings: Total Payload message overlimit (>%d) when processing %s",MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE,message);
     }     
    }
   }
  }
 }
 len =  strlen(APSTAIL);
 memcpy(msgbufPt, APSTAIL, len);
 msgbufPt += len;
  memcpy(msgbufPt, "\0", 1);
 dprintf("\nconstructed message:%s\n",msgbuf);
 if (strlen(msgbuf) > MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE) {
  dprintf("\n!!!!Warnings: Payload (>%d) : %d\n",MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE,(unsigned)strlen(msgbuf));
 }
 else {
  dprintf("\nPayload (<=%d) size : %d\n",MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE,(unsigned)strlen(msgbuf));
 }
 free(alert);
 free(badge);
 free(sound);
 free(message);
}

int main(){
         char msgbuf[512];   /* payload messages */

  PayloadData myPaylodData = {0};
  myPaylodData.badge = 3;
  myPaylodData.alert = "Message from javacom";
//  myPaylodData.action_loc_key = "";
//  myPaylodData.loc_args[0] = "";
//  myPaylodData.loc_args[1] = "";
//  myPaylodData.loc_args[2] = "";
  myPaylodData.sound = "received3.caf";
  myPaylodData.name_key[0] = "test1";
  myPaylodData.str_value[0] = "Hello iPhone";
  genPayloadData(myPaylodData,msgbuf);
  printf("%s\n",msgbuf);
  return 0;

}


 
 
 


APNS Client Development Certificate Available Now
2009-04-10T08:01:00.084+08:00


(1) You need to create an App ID without .*  in the Program Portal (that means one cert for one app)

(2) Generate a certificate signing request from your Mac's keychain and save to disk

(3) Upload the CertificateSigningRequest.certSigningRequest to the Program Portal

(4) Wait for the generation of cert (about 1 min).  Download the certificate (aps_developer_identity.cer) from the Program Portal   (If you need to renew this cert, it is under the App ID that you created in step 1, and choose Action Configure)

(5) Keep (or rename them if you prefer) these 2 files (steps 2 and 4) in a safe place.  You might need the CertificateSigningRequest.certSigningRequest file to request a new cert for a new app in the future or renew the old cert when expired.

(6) Suppose you have imported the aps_developer_identity.cer to the keychain.  Then you have to export these new cert and the private key of this cert (not the public key) and saved as .p12 files.

(7) Then you use these commands to generate the cert and key in Mac's Terminal for PEM format (Privacy Enhanced Mail Security Certificate)

  openssl pkcs12 -clcerts -nokeys -out cert.pem -in cert.p12
  openssl pkcs12 -nocerts -out key.pem -in key.p12


(8) The cert.pem and key.pem files will be used by your own php script communicating with APNS.

(9) If you want to remove the passphase of private key in key.pem, do this

  openssl rsa -in key.pem -out key.unencrypted.pem


Then combine the certificate and key

  cat cert.pem key.unencrypted.pem > ck.pem


But please set the file permission of this unencrypted key by using chmod 400 and is only readable by root in a sever configuration.

(10) The testing APNS is at ssl://gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com:2195

(11) For the source codes to push payload message to the APNS, you can find them in the Developer Forum.  This is the one that I used, for php script.  Run this (after obtaining the device token from the testing device and with iPhone Client program setup)
php -f apns.php "My Message" 2

or if you put this php script and the ck.pem in a local web server, you can use this to test
http://127.0.0.1/apns/apns.php?message=test%20from%20javacom&badge=2&sound=received5.caf

Please be patient to get message from the sandbox server.  Normally, you need 10 minutes+ to get the first message from push notification testing.

 apns.php Select all

#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php
$deviceToken = '02da851dXXXXXXXXb4f2b5bfXXXXXXXXce198270XXXXXXXX0d3dac72bc87cd60';  // masked for security reason
// Passphrase for the private key (ck.pem file)
// $pass = '';

// Get the parameters from http get or from command line
$message = $_GET['message'] or $message = $argv[1] or $message = 'Message received from javacom';
$badge = (int)$_GET['badge'] or $badge = (int)$argv[2];
$sound = $_GET['sound'] or $sound = $argv[3];

// Construct the notification payload
$body = array();
$body['aps'] = array('alert' => $message);
if ($badge)
$body['aps']['badge'] = $badge;
if ($sound)
$body['aps']['sound'] = $sound;


/* End of Configurable Items */

$ctx = stream_context_create();
stream_context_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'local_cert', 'ck.pem');
// assume the private key passphase was removed.
// stream_context_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'passphrase', $pass);

$fp = stream_socket_client('ssl://gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com:2195', $err, $errstr, 60, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT, $ctx);
// for production change the server to ssl://gateway.push.apple.com:2195
if (!$fp) {
 print "Failed to connect $err $errstr\n";
 return;
}
else {
print "Connection OK\n";
}

$payload = json_encode($body);
$msg = chr(0) . pack("n",32) . pack('H*', str_replace(' ', '', $deviceToken)) . pack("n",strlen($payload)) . $payload;
print "sending message :" . $payload . "\n";
fwrite($fp, $msg);
fclose($fp);
?>


(12) For iPhone Client Program, you need to edit the bundle identifier to the App ID that you created and imported the new provisioning profile for that APP ID to the XCode and iPhone.  And codesign with that new provisioning profile. Then implement the following methods in AppDelegate to Build & Go

 AppDelegate.m Select all

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application { 
  NSLog(@"Registering Remote Notications");

   [[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:(UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound | UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert)];

 // Override point for customization after app launch 
 [window addSubview:viewController.view];
 [window makeKeyAndVisible];
}


// Delegation methods
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)devToken {
  const void *devTokenBytes = [devToken bytes];
//    self.registered = YES;
  NSLog(@"deviceToken: %@", devToken);
//    [self sendProviderDeviceToken:devTokenBytes]; // custom method
}

- (void)application:(UIApplication *)app didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)err {
  NSLog(@"Error in registration. Error: %@", err);
}



(13) Additional tips for sandbox testing
- The feedback service is feedback.sandbox.push.apple.com:2195
- Send your messages to gateway.sandbox.push.apple.com:2195



Here is the feedback server request php code.  For the sandbox feedback server, you have to create a second dummy app to make the first one works.  May be the sandbox feedback server is buggy as the production push and feedback servers does not have this problem.

php -f feedback.php

 feedback.php Select all

#!/usr/bin/env php
<?php

$ctx = stream_context_create();
stream_context_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'local_cert', 'ck.pem');
stream_context_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'verify_peer', false);
// assume the private key passphase was removed.
// stream_context_set_option($ctx, 'ssl', 'passphrase', $pass);


$fp = stream_socket_client('ssl://feedback.sandbox.push.apple.com:2196', $error, $errorString, 60, STREAM_CLIENT_CONNECT, $ctx);
// production server is ssl://feedback.push.apple.com:2196

if (!$fp) {
    print "Failed to connect feedback server: $err $errstr\n";
    return;
}
else {
   print "Connection to feedback server OK\n";
}

        print "APNS feedback results\n";
        while ($devcon = fread($fp, 38))
        {
   $arr = unpack("H*", $devcon); 
   $rawhex = trim(implode("", $arr));
   $feedbackTime = hexdec(substr($rawhex, 0, 8)); 
   $feedbackDate = date('Y-m-d H:i', $feedbackTime); 
   $feedbackLen = hexdec(substr($rawhex, 8, 4)); 
   $feedbackDeviceToken = substr($rawhex, 12, 64);
   print "TIMESTAMP:" . $feedbackDate . "\n";
          print "DEVICE ID:" . $feedbackDeviceToken. "\n\n";
        }
fclose($fp);
?>



Hints: If you want to test the production push and feedback servers, use the adhoc distribution certificate and adhoc build to your devices.  Moreover, the device tokens are different for the same device under sandbox and production servers.








OpenGL ES for iPhone : Part 3 with Accelerometer control
2009-04-06T17:46:00.021+08:00
In this part 3, we will add the accelerometer control to move the position of ellipse object that we have created in part 2 of the Tutorial.



1) UIAccelerometerDelegate
We need to add the UIAccelerometerDelegate protocol to the EAGLView and implement the accelerometer: didAccelerate: method as below


@interface EAGLView : UIView <UIAccelerometerDelegate>

- (void)accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer*)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration*)acceleration


We need to configure and start the accelerometer in the setupView method

 [[UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer] setUpdateInterval:(1.0 / kAccelerometerFrequency)];
 [[UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer] setDelegate:self];


2) Accelerometer values
Inside the accelerometer: didAccelerate: method, we add a low-pass filter in the accelerometer values.  This low-pass filter codes are sourced from the GLGravity Sample Code from Apple.

//Use a basic low-pass filter in the accelerometer values
 accel[0] = acceleration.x * kFilteringFactor + accel[0] * (1.0 - kFilteringFactor);
 accel[1] = acceleration.y * kFilteringFactor + accel[1] * (1.0 - kFilteringFactor);
 accel[2] = acceleration.z * kFilteringFactor + accel[2] * (1.0 - kFilteringFactor);


The meaning of accelerometer values:

acceleration.x = Roll. It corresponds to roll, or rotation around the axis that runs from your home button to your earpiece.  Values vary from 1.0 (rolled all the way to the right) to -1.0 (rolled all the way to the left).
  
acceleration.y = Pitch. Place your iPhone on the table and mentally draw a horizontal line about half-way down the screen.  That's the axis around which the Y value rotates.  Values go from 1.0 (the headphone jack straight down) to -1.0 (the headphone jack straight up).
  
acceleration.z = Face up/face down.  It refers to whether your iPhone is face up (-1.0) or face down (1.0).   When placed on it side, either the side with the volume controls and ringer switch, or the side directly opposite, the Z value equates to 0.0.

3) Control on movement of the ellipse is using the variables moveX and moveY and the ellipse position will be changed according to acceleration.x (that is accel[0]) and acceleration.y (that is accel[1]) values that passed from the Accelerometer control after the low-pass filter.  The larger the absolute value of acceleration.x/acceleration.y, the greater for the magnitude for the value of moveX/moveY and thus the faster the ellipse will change its position to that direction.  As the object should not move beyond the screen view, the ellipseData.pos.x and ellipseData.pos.y values will be governed by the boundaries of the screen.

 ellipseData.pos.x += moveX;
 if (accel[0] > -0.1 & accel[0] < 0.1 ) {
   moveX = 0.0f;
 }
 else {
  moveX = 10.0f * accel[0];
 }
 
 ellipseData.pos.y += moveY;
 if (accel[1] > -0.1 & accel[1] < 0.1 ) {
   moveY = 0.0f;
 }
 else {
   moveY = -10.0f * accel[1];
 }


4) Conditional compilation code for the iPhone Simulator and on-screen debug info
As iPhone Simulator does not have Accelerometer control, we have added the code that will change the ellipse position inside this compiler directive, so that the ellipse will keep moving on the iPhone Simulator.
  #if TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR 

Moroever, we have added a UILabel to the code so that we can read the Accelerometer values while we debug the program on actual device.  This UILabel can be disabled using this define directive.
  #undef DEBUGSCREEN

5) The source codes are here, you just need to create a new project from OpenGL ES Application template of XCode and copy the source codes of EAGLView.h and EAGLView.m from below and paste them for Build & Go in XCode.  The accelerometer control can only be tested on actual device.



 EAGLView.h Select all

//  EAGLView.h
//  OpenGL ES Tutorial - Part 3 by javacom


// To enable Debug NSLog, add GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS DEBUGON in Project Settings for Debug Build Only and replace NSLog() with DEBUGLOG()
#ifdef DEBUGON
#define DEBUGLOG if (DEBUGON) NSLog
#else
#define DEBUGLOG
#endif

#define DEBUGSCREEN 

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <OpenGLES/EAGL.h>
#import <OpenGLES/ES1/gl.h>
#import <OpenGLES/ES1/glext.h>

typedef struct
 {
  BOOL rotstop;                   // stop self rotation
  BOOL touchInside;               // finger tap inside of the object ? 
  BOOL scalestart;                // start to scale the obejct ?
  CGPoint pos;                    // position of the object on the screen
  CGPoint startTouchPosition;     // Start Touch Position
  CGPoint currentTouchPosition;   // Current Touch Position
  GLfloat pinchDistance;          // distance between two fingers pinch
  GLfloat pinchDistanceShown;     // distance that have shown on screen
  GLfloat scale;                  // OpenGL scale factor of the object
  GLfloat rotation;               // OpenGL rotation factor of the object
  GLfloat rotspeed;               // control rotation speed of the object
 } ObjectData;

/*
 This class wraps the CAEAGLLayer from CoreAnimation into a convenient UIView subclass.
 The view content is basically an EAGL surface you render your OpenGL scene into.
 Note that setting the view non-opaque will only work if the EAGL surface has an alpha channel.
 */
@interface EAGLView : UIView {
    
@private
    /* The pixel dimensions of the backbuffer */
    GLint backingWidth;
    GLint backingHeight;
    
    EAGLContext *context;
    
    /* OpenGL names for the renderbuffer and framebuffers used to render to this view */
    GLuint viewRenderbuffer, viewFramebuffer;
    
    /* OpenGL name for the depth buffer that is attached to viewFramebuffer, if it exists (0 if it does not exist) */
    GLuint depthRenderbuffer;
    
    NSTimer *animationTimer;
    NSTimeInterval animationInterval;
 
@public
 ObjectData squareData;
 ObjectData ellipseData;
 GLfloat ellipseVertices[720];
 CGFloat initialDistance;
 UIAccelerationValue  accel[3];
 GLfloat moveX, moveY;
#ifdef DEBUGSCREEN
 UILabel *textView;
#endif
}

@property NSTimeInterval animationInterval;

@property (nonatomic) ObjectData squareData;
@property (nonatomic) ObjectData ellipseData;
@property CGFloat initialDistance;
#ifdef DEBUGSCREEN
@property (nonatomic, assign) UILabel *textView;
#endif

- (void)startAnimation;
- (void)stopAnimation;
- (void)drawView;
- (void)setupView;

@end


 EAGLView.m Select all

//  EAGLView.m
//  OpenGL ES Tutorial - Part 3 by javacom
//
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
#import <OpenGLES/EAGLDrawable.h>

#import "EAGLView.h"

#include <math.h>

// Macros
#define degreesToRadians(__ANGLE__) (M_PI * (__ANGLE__) / 180.0)
#define radiansToDegrees(__ANGLE__) (180.0 * (__ANGLE__) / M_PI)

CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints (CGPoint first, CGPoint second) {
 CGFloat deltaX = second.x - first.x;
 CGFloat deltaY = second.y - first.y;
 return sqrt(deltaX*deltaX + deltaY*deltaY );
};

CGFloat angleBetweenPoints(CGPoint first, CGPoint second) {
 // atan((top - bottom)/(right - left))
 CGFloat rads = atan((second.y - first.y) / (first.x - second.x));
 return radiansToDegrees(rads);
}

CGFloat angleBetweenLines(CGPoint line1Start, CGPoint line1End, CGPoint line2Start, CGPoint line2End) {
 
 CGFloat a = line1End.x - line1Start.x;
 CGFloat b = line1End.y - line1Start.y;
 CGFloat c = line2End.x - line2Start.x;
 CGFloat d = line2End.y - line2Start.y;
 
 CGFloat rads = acos(((a*c) + (b*d)) / ((sqrt(a*a + b*b)) * (sqrt(c*c + d*d))));
 
 return radiansToDegrees(rads);
}

#define USE_DEPTH_BUFFER 0

// CONSTANTS
#define kMinimumTouchLength 30
#define kMaximumScale 7.0f
#define kMinimumPinchDelta 15
#define kAccelerometerFrequency  100.0 // Hz
#define kFilteringFactor   0.1


// A class extension to declare private methods
@interface EAGLView ()

@property (nonatomic, retain) EAGLContext *context;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimer *animationTimer;

- (BOOL) createFramebuffer;
- (void) destroyFramebuffer;

@end


@implementation EAGLView

@synthesize context;
@synthesize animationTimer;
@synthesize animationInterval;
@synthesize squareData;
@synthesize ellipseData;
@synthesize initialDistance;
#ifdef DEBUGSCREEN
@synthesize textView;
#endif

// You must implement this method
+ (Class)layerClass {
    return [CAEAGLLayer class];
}


//The GL view is stored in the nib file. When it's unarchived it's sent -initWithCoder:
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder {
    
    if ((self = [super initWithCoder:coder])) {
  
        // Get the layer
        CAEAGLLayer *eaglLayer = (CAEAGLLayer *)self.layer;
        
        eaglLayer.opaque = YES;
        eaglLayer.drawableProperties = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
                                        [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO], kEAGLDrawablePropertyRetainedBacking, kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8, kEAGLDrawablePropertyColorFormat, nil];
        
        context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES1];
        
        if (!context || ![EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]) {
            [self release];
            return nil;
        }
        
        animationInterval = 1.0 / 60.0;
  [self setupView];
    }
    return self;
}

// These are four methods touchesBegan, touchesMoved, touchesEnded, touchesCancelled and use to notify about touches and gestures

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
 /*
  NSUInteger numTaps = [[touches anyObject] tapCount];  // number of taps
  NSUInteger numTouches = [touches count];              // number of touches
  */ 
 UITouch *touch = [[touches allObjects] objectAtIndex:0];
 
 DEBUGLOG(@"TouchBegan event counts = %d ",[[event touchesForView:self] count]);
 DEBUGLOG(@"TouchBegan tounches counts = %d ",[touches count]);
 if ([touches count]== 2) {
  NSArray *twoTouches = [touches allObjects];
  UITouch *first = [twoTouches objectAtIndex:0];
  UITouch *second = [twoTouches objectAtIndex:1];
  initialDistance = distanceBetweenPoints([first locationInView:self], [second locationInView:self]);  
  squareData.rotstop = YES;
  squareData.touchInside = NO;
 }
 else if ([touches count]==[[event touchesForView:self] count] & [[event touchesForView:self] count] == 1) {
  squareData.startTouchPosition = [touch locationInView:self];
  if (distanceBetweenPoints([touch locationInView:self], squareData.pos) <= kMinimumTouchLength * squareData.scale) {
   DEBUGLOG(@"Square Touch at %.2f, %.2f ",squareData.pos.x,squareData.pos.y);
   squareData.rotstop = YES;
   squareData.touchInside = YES;
  }
 }
 
}

- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
 UITouch *touch = [[touches allObjects] objectAtIndex:0];
 squareData.currentTouchPosition = [touch locationInView:self];
 if ([touches count]== 2) {
  NSArray *twoTouches = [touches allObjects];
  UITouch *first = [twoTouches objectAtIndex:0];
  UITouch *second = [twoTouches objectAtIndex:1];
  
  // Calculate the distance bewtween the two fingers(touches) to determine the pinch distance
  CGFloat currentDistance = distanceBetweenPoints([first locationInView:self], [second locationInView:self]);
  
  squareData.rotstop = YES;
  squareData.touchInside = NO;
  
  if (initialDistance == 0.0f)
   initialDistance = currentDistance; 
  if (currentDistance - initialDistance > kMinimumPinchDelta) {
   squareData.pinchDistance = currentDistance - initialDistance;
   squareData.scalestart = YES;
   DEBUGLOG(@"Outward Pinch %.2f", squareData.pinchDistance);
  }
  else if (initialDistance - currentDistance > kMinimumPinchDelta) {
   squareData.pinchDistance = currentDistance - initialDistance;
   squareData.scalestart = YES;
   DEBUGLOG(@"Inward Pinch %.2f", squareData.pinchDistance);
  }
 }
 else if ([touches count]==[[event touchesForView:self] count] & [[event touchesForView:self] count] == 1) {
  if (squareData.touchInside) {
   // Only move the square to new position when touchBegan is inside the square
   squareData.pos.x = [touch locationInView:self].x;
   squareData.pos.y = [touch locationInView:self].y;
   DEBUGLOG(@"Square Move to %.2f, %.2f ",squareData.pos.x,squareData.pos.y);
   squareData.rotstop = YES;
  }
 }
}


- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
 if ([touches count] == [[event touchesForView:self] count]) {
  initialDistance = squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
  squareData.rotstop = squareData.touchInside = squareData.scalestart = NO;
  DEBUGLOG(@"touchesEnded, all fingers up");
 }
 else {
  initialDistance = squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
  squareData.scalestart = NO;
  DEBUGLOG(@"touchesEnded");
 }
}


- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
 initialDistance = squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
 squareData.rotstop = squareData.touchInside = squareData.scalestart = NO;
 DEBUGLOG(@"touchesCancelled"); 
}

- (void)setupView {  // new method for intialisation of variables and states
 
 // Enable Multi Touch of the view
 self.multipleTouchEnabled = YES;
 
 //Configure and start accelerometer
 [[UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer] setUpdateInterval:(1.0 / kAccelerometerFrequency)];
 [[UIAccelerometer sharedAccelerometer] setDelegate:self];
#if TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR
 moveX = 2.0f;
 moveY = 3.0f;
#else
 moveX = 0.0f;
 moveY = 0.0f;
#endif

#ifdef DEBUGSCREEN
 UIColor *bgColor = [[UIColor alloc] initWithWhite:1.0f alpha:0.0f];
 textView = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10.0f, 350.0f, 300.0f, 96.0f)];
 textView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"-Accelerometer Data-"];
 textView.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentLeft;
 [textView setNumberOfLines:4];
 textView.backgroundColor = bgColor;
 textView.font = [UIFont fontWithName:@"Arial" size:18];
 [self addSubview:textView];
 [self bringSubviewToFront:textView];
#endif 
 
 
 // Initialise square data
 squareData.rotation = squareData.pinchDistance = squareData.pinchDistanceShown = 0.0f;
 ellipseData.rotation = 0.0f;
 squareData.scale = 1.0f;
 squareData.rotstop = squareData.touchInside = squareData.scalestart = NO;
 squareData.pos.x = 160.0f;
 squareData.pos.y = 240.0f; 
 squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
 squareData.rotspeed = 1.0f;
 
 // Initialise ellipse data
 ellipseData.rotation = 0.0f;
 ellipseData.rotstop = ellipseData.touchInside = ellipseData.scalestart = NO;
 ellipseData.pos.x = 160.0f;
 ellipseData.pos.y = 100.0f; 
 ellipseData.rotspeed = -4.0f;
 
 // calculate the vertices of ellipse
 const GLfloat xradius = 35.0f; 
 const GLfloat yradius = 25.0f; 
 for (int i = 0; i < 720; i+=2) {
  ellipseVertices[i] = (cos(degreesToRadians(i)) * xradius) + 0.0f;
  ellipseVertices[i+1] = (sin(degreesToRadians(i)) * yradius) + 0.0f;
//  DEBUGLOG(@"ellipseVertices[v%d] %.1f, %.1f",i, ellipseVertices[i], ellipseVertices[i+1]);
 }
 
 // setup the projection matrix
 glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
 glLoadIdentity();
 
 // Setup Orthographic Projection for the 320 x 480 of the iPhone screen
 glOrthof(0.0f, 320.0f, 480.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
 glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 
}

- (void)drawView {
    
    // Define the square vertices
 const GLfloat squareVertices[] = {
        -20.0f, -20.0f,
        20.0f,  -20.0f,
        -20.0f,  20.0f,
        20.0f,   20.0f,
    };
 
    // Define the colors of the square vertices
 const GLubyte squareColors[] = {
        255, 255,   0, 255,
        0,   255, 255, 255,
        0,     0,   0,   0,
        255,   0, 255, 255,
    };
 
 
 // Define the colors of the ellipse vertices
 const GLubyte ellipseColors[] = {
        233,  85,   85, 255,
        233,  85,   85, 255,
        233,  85,   85, 255,
        233,  85,   85, 255,
        233,  85,   85, 255,
    };
 
 
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context];
    glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer);
    glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight);
    
 // Clear background color
    glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 
 // draw the square
 glLoadIdentity();
 glTranslatef(squareData.pos.x, squareData.pos.y, 0.0f);
 glRotatef(squareData.rotation, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
 glScalef(squareData.scale, squareData.scale, 1.0f);
 glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, squareVertices);
 glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, squareColors);
 glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
 glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
 
 // draw the ellipse
 glLoadIdentity();
 glTranslatef(ellipseData.pos.x, ellipseData.pos.y, 0.0f);
 glRotatef(ellipseData.rotation, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
 glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, ellipseVertices);
 glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, ellipseColors);
 glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
 glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 360);  // the ellipse has 360 vertices
 
 // control the square rotation
 if (!squareData.rotstop) {
  squareData.rotation += squareData.rotspeed; 
  if(squareData.rotation > 360.0f) 
   squareData.rotation -= 360.0f;
  else if(squareData.rotation < -360.0f) 
   squareData.rotation += 360.0f;
    }
 
 // control the ellipse rotation
 if (!ellipseData.rotstop) {
  ellipseData.rotation += ellipseData.rotspeed; 
  if(ellipseData.rotation > 360.0f) 
   ellipseData.rotation -= 360.0f;
  else if(ellipseData.rotation < -360.0f) 
   ellipseData.rotation += 360.0f; 
 }
 
 // control the square scaling
 if (squareData.scalestart && squareData.scale <= kMaximumScale) {
  GLfloat pinchDelta = squareData.pinchDistance - squareData.pinchDistanceShown;
  if (squareData.pinchDistance != 0.0f) {
   squareData.scale += pinchDelta/30;
   squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance;
   if (squareData.scale >= kMaximumScale) {
    squareData.scale = kMaximumScale;
    squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
    squareData.scalestart = NO;
   } else if (squareData.scale <= 1.0f) {
    squareData.scale = 1.0f;
    squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
    squareData.scalestart = NO;
   }
   DEBUGLOG(@"scale is %.2f",squareData.scale);
  }
 }
 
 // control the ellipse movement
#if TARGET_IPHONE_SIMULATOR
 ellipseData.pos.x += moveX;
 if (ellipseData.pos.x >= 290.f) {
  moveX = -2.0f;
 }
 else if (ellipseData.pos.x <= 30.f) {
  moveX = 2.0f;
 }

 ellipseData.pos.y += moveY;
 if (ellipseData.pos.y >= 450.f) {
  moveY = -1.5f;
 }
 else if (ellipseData.pos.y <= 55.f) {
  moveY = 3.5f;
 }
#else
 ellipseData.pos.x += moveX;
 if (accel[0] > -0.1 & accel[0] < 0.1 ) {
   moveX = 0.0f;
 }
 else {
  moveX = 10.0f * accel[0];
 }
 
 ellipseData.pos.y += moveY;
 if (accel[1] > -0.1 & accel[1] < 0.1 ) {
   moveY = 0.0f;
 }
 else {
  moveY = -10.0f * accel[1];
 }
#endif
 if (ellipseData.pos.x >= 290.f) {
  ellipseData.pos.x = 290.0f;
 }
 else if (ellipseData.pos.x <= 30.f) {
  ellipseData.pos.x = 30.0f;
 }
 if (ellipseData.pos.y >= 450.f) {
  ellipseData.pos.y = 450.0f;
 }
 else if (ellipseData.pos.y <= 55.f) {
  ellipseData.pos.y = 55.0f;
 }
 
 
    glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer);
    [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES];
}

- (void)accelerometer:(UIAccelerometer*)accelerometer didAccelerate:(UIAcceleration*)acceleration
{
 /*
  The meaning of acceleration values for firmware 2.x
  acceleration.x = Roll.  It corresponds to roll, or rotation around the axis that runs from your home button to your earpiece. 
  Values vary from 1.0 (rolled all the way to the right) to -1.0 (rolled all the way to the left).
  
  acceleration.y = Pitch. Place your iPhone on the table and mentally draw a horizontal line about half-way down the screen. 
  That's the axis around which the Y value rotates. 
  Values go from 1.0 (the headphone jack straight down) to -1.0 (the headphone jack straight up).
  
  acceleration.z = Face up/face down. 
  It refers to whether your iPhone is face up (-1.0) or face down (1.0). 
  When placed on it side, either the side with the volume controls and ringer switch, or the side directly opposite
  , the Z value equates to 0.0.
  */
 
 //Use a basic low-pass filter in the accelerometer values
 accel[0] = acceleration.x * kFilteringFactor + accel[0] * (1.0 - kFilteringFactor);
 accel[1] = acceleration.y * kFilteringFactor + accel[1] * (1.0 - kFilteringFactor);
 accel[2] = acceleration.z * kFilteringFactor + accel[2] * (1.0 - kFilteringFactor);
 
#ifdef DEBUGSCREEN
 textView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:
       @"X (roll, %4.1f%%): %f\nY (pitch %4.1f%%): %f\nZ (%4.1f%%) : %f",
       100.0 - (accel[0] + 1.0) * 50.0, accel[0], 
       100.0 - (accel[1] + 1.0) * 50.0, accel[1], 
       100.0 - (accel[2] + 1.0) * 50.0, accel[2]
       ];
#endif
}

- (void)layoutSubviews {
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context];
    [self destroyFramebuffer];
    [self createFramebuffer];
    [self drawView];
}


- (BOOL)createFramebuffer {
    
    glGenFramebuffersOES(1, &viewFramebuffer);
    glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &viewRenderbuffer);
    
    glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer);
    glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer);
    [context renderbufferStorage:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES fromDrawable:(CAEAGLLayer*)self.layer];
    glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer);
    
    glGetRenderbufferParameterivOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_WIDTH_OES, &backingWidth);
    glGetRenderbufferParameterivOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_HEIGHT_OES, &backingHeight);
    
    if (USE_DEPTH_BUFFER) {
        glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
        glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRenderbuffer);
        glRenderbufferStorageOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16_OES, backingWidth, backingHeight);
        glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRenderbuffer);
    }
    
    if(glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_OES) {
        DEBUGLOG(@"failed to make complete framebuffer object %x", glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES));
        return NO;
    }
    
    return YES;
}


- (void)destroyFramebuffer {
    
    glDeleteFramebuffersOES(1, &viewFramebuffer);
    viewFramebuffer = 0;
    glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &viewRenderbuffer);
    viewRenderbuffer = 0;
    
    if(depthRenderbuffer) {
        glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
        depthRenderbuffer = 0;
    }
}


- (void)startAnimation {
    self.animationTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:animationInterval target:self selector:@selector(drawView) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
}


- (void)stopAnimation {
    self.animationTimer = nil;
}


- (void)setAnimationTimer:(NSTimer *)newTimer {
    [animationTimer invalidate];
    animationTimer = newTimer;
}


- (void)setAnimationInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval {
    
    animationInterval = interval;
    if (animationTimer) {
        [self stopAnimation];
        [self startAnimation];
    }
}


- (void)dealloc {
    
    [self stopAnimation];
    
    if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == context) {
        [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil];
    }
    
    [context release];  
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

.
.
.


OpenGL ES for iPhone : Part 2 with touch controls
2009-04-05T09:59:00.057+08:00
We will continue to explore OpenGL ES for iPhone by interacting with input controls.  This tutorial is for iPhone Development Environment, so the touch screen control is the major and fun part to play with.

In this tutorial, we will draw two objects using OpenGL ES and implement touch controls to drag and move an object around the screen and also to pinch and resize the object independently.


Similar to the first tutorial, we need to create a new project using the OpenGL ES Application template from XCode.  We want to draw a new ellipse object but there is no direct function to draw an ellipse / circle in OpenGL ES, so we need to use a loop to calculate the vertices as below.  

1) Draw an ellipse / a circle

We use degreesToRadians, cos and sin functions to calculate the required vertices positions.  If you want a circle, just put yradius = xradius.

GLfloat ellipseVertices[720];

// calculate the vertices of ellipse
const GLfloat xradius = 35.0f; 
const GLfloat yradius = 25.0f; 
for (int i = 0; i < 720; i+=2) {
    ellipseVertices[i] = (cos(degreesToRadians(i)) * xradius) + 0.0f;
    ellipseVertices[i+1] = (sin(degreesToRadians(i)) * yradius) + 0.0f;
}


and we will use GL_TRIANGLE_FAN to draw the ellipse.

glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 360); // the ellipse has 360 vertices


2) Create data structure

We will create a C structure to hold the states of the two objects, so that we can independently control the status and behavior of the two objects

typedef struct
{
    BOOL rotstop;                  // stop self rotation
    BOOL touchInside;              // finger tap inside of the object ? 
    BOOL scalestart;               // start to scale the obejct ?
    CGPoint pos;                   // position of the object on the screen
    CGPoint startTouchPosition;    // Start Touch Position
    CGPoint currentTouchPosition;  // Current Touch Position
    GLfloat pinchDistance;         // distance between two fingers pinch
    GLfloat pinchDistanceShown;    // distance that have shown on screen
    GLfloat scale;                 // OpenGL scale factor of the object
    GLfloat rotation;              // OpenGL rotation factor of the object
    GLfloat rotspeed;              // control rotation speed of the object
} ObjectData;

@public
    ObjectData squareData;
    ObjectData ellipseData;


3) Implement new method (void)setupView;

We need to create a new method so that we can do some initialization codes after the EAGLView is created.  The setupView is called after - (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder method

We also put some OpenGL code inside setupView method.  We need to separate the codes into two setupView and drawView methods, and put the initialization codes to the setupView so that it is only called once after init.  The drawing codes for after each layoutSubviews refreshes are still in drawView method.

We also need to change the Orthographic Projection in order to match with the iPhone screen resolution 320 x 480

  // Setup Orthographic Projection for the 320 x 480 of the iPhone screen
  glOrthof(0.0f, 320.0f, 480.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);


4) Enable multitouch and implement the touch control events

To enable multitouch in the EAGLView, as it is not enabled by default
  self.multipleTouchEnabled = YES;

and we also need to implement these standard four touch control methods for EAGLView in order to handle drag and pinch

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
It sends the touchesBegan:withEvent: message when one or more fingers touch down on the screen.
We record the starting position of the pinch and drag here

- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
It sends the touchesMoved:withEvent: message when one or more fingers move.
We handle the pinch and drag gestures here

- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
It sends the touchesEnded:withEvent: message when one or more fingers lift up from the screen.
We reset the status of the touch controls when all fingers are lifted up

- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event
It sends the touchesCancelled:withEvent: message when the touch sequence is cancelled by a system event, such as an incoming phone call.


5) Control the moving and scaling of OpenGL ES objects independently

We have the following codes to draw the objects in OpenGL ES and by changing the variables *.rotation, *.scale of the 2 objects through the touch control events, we can change the location and scale of the 2 objects independently.


  // draw the square
  glLoadIdentity();
  glTranslatef(squareData.pos.x, squareData.pos.y, 0.0f);
  glRotatef(squareData.rotation, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
  glScalef(squareData.scale, squareData.scale, 1.0f);
  glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, squareVertices);
  glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, squareColors);
  glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
  glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
  glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
 
  // draw the ellipse
  glLoadIdentity();
  glTranslatef(ellipseData.pos.x, ellipseData.pos.y, 0.0f);
  glRotatef(ellipseData.rotation, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
  glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, ellipseVertices);
  glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, ellipseColors);
  glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
  glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
  glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 360);  // the ellipse has 360 vertices


6) Enable NSLog for Debug build and disable for Release build

Use the following define to turnon NSLog output for Debug build and turnoff for Release build
You need to add this user-defined in Project Settings (in Debug build only)
GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS    DEBUGON


Or if you have an older XCode template version, it should be like this




#ifdef DEBUGON
#define DEBUGLOG if (DEBUGON) NSLog
#else
#define DEBUGLOG
#endif


Then you should use DEBUGLOG() instead of NSLog() in your code.  Another hint is that you can define DEBUGLOG1, DEBUGLOG2,... etc, in this case, you can turn on / off individual sections of NSLog.

7) The source codes are here, you just need to create a new project from OpenGL ES Application template of XCode and copy the source codes of EAGLView.h and EAGLView.m from below and paste them for Build & Go in XCode.



We did not implement the ellipse object to move, may be it's your turn to explore and enhance it.  Feel free to add double-tap or multi-fingers swipe controls or add any new objects to the project.  Enjoy OpenGL ES coding in iPhone !

P.S. In case you weren’t already aware, this is how to emulate multi-touch in the iPhone Simulator that accompanies the iPhone SDK.

- Option-Click: Allows you to pinch in and out.
- Option-Shift-Click: Allows you to perform a two-fingers drag.

 EAGLView.h Select all

//  EAGLView.h
//  OpenGL ES Tutorial - Part 2 by javacom

// To enable Debug NSLog, add GCC_PREPROCESSOR_DEFINITIONS DEBUGON in Project Settings for Debug Build Only and replace NSLog() with DEBUGLOG()
#ifdef DEBUGON
#define DEBUGLOG if (DEBUGON) NSLog
#else
#define DEBUGLOG
#endif

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#import <OpenGLES/EAGL.h>
#import <OpenGLES/ES1/gl.h>
#import <OpenGLES/ES1/glext.h>

typedef struct
{
 BOOL rotstop;                   // stop self rotation
 BOOL touchInside;               // finger tap inside of the object ? 
 BOOL scalestart;                // start to scale the obejct ?
 CGPoint pos;                    // position of the object on the screen
 CGPoint startTouchPosition;     // Start Touch Position
 CGPoint currentTouchPosition;   // Current Touch Position
 GLfloat pinchDistance;          // distance between two fingers pinch
 GLfloat pinchDistanceShown;     // distance that have shown on screen
 GLfloat scale;                  // OpenGL scale factor of the object
 GLfloat rotation;               // OpenGL rotation factor of the object
 GLfloat rotspeed;               // control rotation speed of the object
} ObjectData;

/*
This class wraps the CAEAGLLayer from CoreAnimation into a convenient UIView subclass.
The view content is basically an EAGL surface you render your OpenGL scene into.
Note that setting the view non-opaque will only work if the EAGL surface has an alpha channel.
*/
@interface EAGLView : UIView {
    
@private
    /* The pixel dimensions of the backbuffer */
    GLint backingWidth;
    GLint backingHeight;
    
    EAGLContext *context;
    
    /* OpenGL names for the renderbuffer and framebuffers used to render to this view */
    GLuint viewRenderbuffer, viewFramebuffer;
    
    /* OpenGL name for the depth buffer that is attached to viewFramebuffer, if it exists (0 if it does not exist) */
    GLuint depthRenderbuffer;
    
    NSTimer *animationTimer;
    NSTimeInterval animationInterval;

@public
 ObjectData squareData;
 ObjectData ellipseData;
 GLfloat ellipseVertices[720];
 CGFloat initialDistance;
}

@property NSTimeInterval animationInterval;

@property (nonatomic) ObjectData squareData;
@property (nonatomic) ObjectData ellipseData;
@property CGFloat initialDistance;

- (void)startAnimation;
- (void)stopAnimation;
- (void)drawView;
- (void)setupView;

@end



 EAGLView.m Select all

//  EAGLView.m
//  OpenGL ES Tutorial - Part 2 by javacom
//
#import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h>
#import <OpenGLES/EAGLDrawable.h>

#import "EAGLView.h"

#include <math.h>

// Macros
#define degreesToRadians(__ANGLE__) (M_PI * (__ANGLE__) / 180.0)
#define radiansToDegrees(__ANGLE__) (180.0 * (__ANGLE__) / M_PI)

CGFloat distanceBetweenPoints (CGPoint first, CGPoint second) {
 CGFloat deltaX = second.x - first.x;
 CGFloat deltaY = second.y - first.y;
 return sqrt(deltaX*deltaX + deltaY*deltaY );
};

CGFloat angleBetweenPoints(CGPoint first, CGPoint second) {
 // atan((top - bottom)/(right - left))
 CGFloat rads = atan((second.y - first.y) / (first.x - second.x));
 return radiansToDegrees(rads);
}

CGFloat angleBetweenLines(CGPoint line1Start, CGPoint line1End, CGPoint line2Start, CGPoint line2End) {
 
 CGFloat a = line1End.x - line1Start.x;
 CGFloat b = line1End.y - line1Start.y;
 CGFloat c = line2End.x - line2Start.x;
 CGFloat d = line2End.y - line2Start.y;
 
 CGFloat rads = acos(((a*c) + (b*d)) / ((sqrt(a*a + b*b)) * (sqrt(c*c + d*d))));
 
 return radiansToDegrees(rads);
}

#define USE_DEPTH_BUFFER 0

#define kMinimumTouchLength 30
#define kMaximumScale 7.0f
#define kMinimumPinchDelta 15


// A class extension to declare private methods
@interface EAGLView ()

@property (nonatomic, retain) EAGLContext *context;
@property (nonatomic, assign) NSTimer *animationTimer;

- (BOOL) createFramebuffer;
- (void) destroyFramebuffer;

@end


@implementation EAGLView

@synthesize context;
@synthesize animationTimer;
@synthesize animationInterval;
@synthesize squareData;
@synthesize ellipseData;
@synthesize initialDistance;

// You must implement this method
+ (Class)layerClass {
    return [CAEAGLLayer class];
}


//The GL view is stored in the nib file. When it's unarchived it's sent -initWithCoder:
- (id)initWithCoder:(NSCoder*)coder {
    
    if ((self = [super initWithCoder:coder])) {
    
        // Get the layer
        CAEAGLLayer *eaglLayer = (CAEAGLLayer *)self.layer;
        
        eaglLayer.opaque = YES;
        eaglLayer.drawableProperties = [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:
                                        [NSNumber numberWithBool:NO], kEAGLDrawablePropertyRetainedBacking, kEAGLColorFormatRGBA8, kEAGLDrawablePropertyColorFormat, nil];
        
        context = [[EAGLContext alloc] initWithAPI:kEAGLRenderingAPIOpenGLES1];
        
        if (!context || ![EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context]) {
            [self release];
            return nil;
        }
        
        animationInterval = 1.0 / 60.0;
  [self setupView];
    }
    return self;
}

// These are four methods touchesBegan, touchesMoved, touchesEnded, touchesCancelled and use to notify about touches and gestures

- (void)touchesBegan:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
/*
 NSUInteger numTaps = [[touches anyObject] tapCount];  // number of taps
 NSUInteger numTouches = [touches count];              // number of touches
*/ 
 UITouch *touch = [[touches allObjects] objectAtIndex:0];

 DEBUGLOG(@"TouchBegan event counts = %d ",[[event touchesForView:self] count]);
 DEBUGLOG(@"TouchBegan tounches counts = %d ",[touches count]);
 if ([touches count]== 2) {
  NSArray *twoTouches = [touches allObjects];
  UITouch *first = [twoTouches objectAtIndex:0];
  UITouch *second = [twoTouches objectAtIndex:1];
  initialDistance = distanceBetweenPoints([first locationInView:self], [second locationInView:self]);  
  squareData.rotstop = YES;
  squareData.touchInside = NO;
 }
 else if ([touches count]==[[event touchesForView:self] count] & [[event touchesForView:self] count] == 1) {
  squareData.startTouchPosition = [touch locationInView:self];
  if (distanceBetweenPoints([touch locationInView:self], squareData.pos) <= kMinimumTouchLength * squareData.scale) {
   DEBUGLOG(@"Square Touch at %.2f, %.2f ",squareData.pos.x,squareData.pos.y);
   squareData.rotstop = YES;
   squareData.touchInside = YES;
  }
 }
 
}

- (void)touchesMoved:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
 UITouch *touch = [[touches allObjects] objectAtIndex:0];
 squareData.currentTouchPosition = [touch locationInView:self];
 if ([touches count]== 2) {
  NSArray *twoTouches = [touches allObjects];
  UITouch *first = [twoTouches objectAtIndex:0];
  UITouch *second = [twoTouches objectAtIndex:1];
  
  // Calculate the distance bewtween the two fingers(touches) to determine the pinch distance
  CGFloat currentDistance = distanceBetweenPoints([first locationInView:self], [second locationInView:self]);
  
  squareData.rotstop = YES;
  squareData.touchInside = NO;

  if (initialDistance == 0.0f)
   initialDistance = currentDistance; 
  if (currentDistance - initialDistance > kMinimumPinchDelta) {
   squareData.pinchDistance = currentDistance - initialDistance;
   squareData.scalestart = YES;
   DEBUGLOG(@"Outward Pinch %.2f", squareData.pinchDistance);
  }
  else if (initialDistance - currentDistance > kMinimumPinchDelta) {
   squareData.pinchDistance = currentDistance - initialDistance;
   squareData.scalestart = YES;
   DEBUGLOG(@"Inward Pinch %.2f", squareData.pinchDistance);
  }
 }
 else if ([touches count]==[[event touchesForView:self] count] & [[event touchesForView:self] count] == 1) {
  if (squareData.touchInside) {
   // Only move the square to new position when touchBegan is inside the square
   squareData.pos.x = [touch locationInView:self].x;
   squareData.pos.y = [touch locationInView:self].y;
   DEBUGLOG(@"Square Move to %.2f, %.2f ",squareData.pos.x,squareData.pos.y);
   squareData.rotstop = YES;
  }
 }
}


- (void)touchesEnded:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
 if ([touches count] == [[event touchesForView:self] count]) {
  initialDistance = squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
  squareData.rotstop = squareData.touchInside = squareData.scalestart = NO;
  DEBUGLOG(@"touchesEnded, all fingers up");
 }
 else {
  initialDistance = squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
  squareData.scalestart = NO;
  DEBUGLOG(@"touchesEnded");
 }
}


- (void)touchesCancelled:(NSSet *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event {
 initialDistance = squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
 squareData.rotstop = squareData.touchInside = squareData.scalestart = NO;
 DEBUGLOG(@"touchesCancelled"); 
}

- (void)setupView {  // new method for intialisation of variables and states
 
 // Enable Multi Touch of the view
 self.multipleTouchEnabled = YES;
 
 // Initialise square data
 squareData.rotation = squareData.pinchDistance = squareData.pinchDistanceShown = 0.0f;
 ellipseData.rotation = 0.0f;
 squareData.scale = 1.0f;
 squareData.rotstop = squareData.touchInside = squareData.scalestart = NO;
 squareData.pos.x = 160.0f;
 squareData.pos.y = 240.0f; 
 squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
 squareData.rotspeed = 1.0f;

 // Initialise ellipse data
 ellipseData.rotation = 0.0f;
 ellipseData.rotstop = ellipseData.touchInside = ellipseData.scalestart = NO;
 ellipseData.pos.x = 160.0f;
 ellipseData.pos.y = 100.0f; 
 ellipseData.rotspeed = -4.0f;

 // calculate the vertices of ellipse
 const GLfloat xradius = 35.0f; 
 const GLfloat yradius = 25.0f; 
 for (int i = 0; i < 720; i+=2) {
  ellipseVertices[i] = (cos(degreesToRadians(i)) * xradius) + 0.0f;
  ellipseVertices[i+1] = (sin(degreesToRadians(i)) * yradius) + 0.0f;
  DEBUGLOG(@"ellipseVertices[v%d] %.1f, %.1f",i, ellipseVertices[i], ellipseVertices[i+1]);
 }
 
 // setup the projection matrix
 glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
 glLoadIdentity();
 
 // Setup Orthographic Projection for the 320 x 480 of the iPhone screen
 glOrthof(0.0f, 320.0f, 480.0f, 0.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f);
 glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 
}

- (void)drawView {
    
    // Define the square vertices
 const GLfloat squareVertices[] = {
        -20.0f, -20.0f,
        20.0f,  -20.0f,
        -20.0f,  20.0f,
        20.0f,   20.0f,
    };
 
    // Define the colors of the square vertices
 const GLubyte squareColors[] = {
        255, 255,   0, 255,
        0,   255, 255, 255,
        0,     0,   0,   0,
        255,   0, 255, 255,
    };
 
 
 // Define the colors of the ellipse vertices
 const GLubyte ellipseColors[] = {
        233,  85,   85, 255,
        233,  85,   85, 255,
        233,  85,   85, 255,
        233,  85,   85, 255,
        233,  85,   85, 255,
    };
 

    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context];
    glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer);
    glViewport(0, 0, backingWidth, backingHeight);
    
 // Clear background color
    glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
    glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 
 // draw the square
 glLoadIdentity();
 glTranslatef(squareData.pos.x, squareData.pos.y, 0.0f);
 glRotatef(squareData.rotation, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
 glScalef(squareData.scale, squareData.scale, 1.0f);
 glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, squareVertices);
 glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, squareColors);
 glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
 glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
 
 // draw the ellipse
 glLoadIdentity();
 glTranslatef(ellipseData.pos.x, ellipseData.pos.y, 0.0f);
 glRotatef(ellipseData.rotation, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
 glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, ellipseVertices);
 glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, ellipseColors);
 glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
 glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
 glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_FAN, 0, 360);  // the ellipse has 360 vertices

 // control the square rotation
 if (!squareData.rotstop) {
  squareData.rotation += squareData.rotspeed; 
  if(squareData.rotation > 360.0f) 
   squareData.rotation -= 360.0f;
  else if(squareData.rotation < -360.0f) 
   squareData.rotation += 360.0f;
    }
 
 // control the ellipse rotation
 if (!ellipseData.rotstop) {
  ellipseData.rotation += ellipseData.rotspeed; 
  if(ellipseData.rotation > 360.0f) 
   ellipseData.rotation -= 360.0f;
  else if(ellipseData.rotation < -360.0f) 
   ellipseData.rotation += 360.0f; 
 }
 
 // control the square scaling
 if (squareData.scalestart && squareData.scale <= kMaximumScale) {
  GLfloat pinchDelta = squareData.pinchDistance - squareData.pinchDistanceShown;
  if (squareData.pinchDistance != 0.0f) {
   squareData.scale += pinchDelta/30;
   squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance;
   if (squareData.scale >= kMaximumScale) {
    squareData.scale = kMaximumScale;
    squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
    squareData.scalestart = NO;
   } else if (squareData.scale <= 1.0f) {
    squareData.scale = 1.0f;
    squareData.pinchDistanceShown = squareData.pinchDistance = 0.0f;
    squareData.scalestart = NO;
   }
   DEBUGLOG(@"scale is %.2f",squareData.scale);
  }
 }

    glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer);
    [context presentRenderbuffer:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES];
}

- (void)layoutSubviews {
    [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:context];
    [self destroyFramebuffer];
    [self createFramebuffer];
    [self drawView];
}


- (BOOL)createFramebuffer {
    
    glGenFramebuffersOES(1, &viewFramebuffer);
    glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &viewRenderbuffer);
    
    glBindFramebufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, viewFramebuffer);
    glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer);
    [context renderbufferStorage:GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES fromDrawable:(CAEAGLLayer*)self.layer];
    glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, viewRenderbuffer);
    
    glGetRenderbufferParameterivOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_WIDTH_OES, &backingWidth);
    glGetRenderbufferParameterivOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_HEIGHT_OES, &backingHeight);
    
    if (USE_DEPTH_BUFFER) {
        glGenRenderbuffersOES(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
        glBindRenderbufferOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRenderbuffer);
        glRenderbufferStorageOES(GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, GL_DEPTH_COMPONENT16_OES, backingWidth, backingHeight);
        glFramebufferRenderbufferOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT_OES, GL_RENDERBUFFER_OES, depthRenderbuffer);
    }
    
    if(glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES) != GL_FRAMEBUFFER_COMPLETE_OES) {
        DEBUGLOG(@"failed to make complete framebuffer object %x", glCheckFramebufferStatusOES(GL_FRAMEBUFFER_OES));
        return NO;
    }
    
    return YES;
}


- (void)destroyFramebuffer {
    
    glDeleteFramebuffersOES(1, &viewFramebuffer);
    viewFramebuffer = 0;
    glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &viewRenderbuffer);
    viewRenderbuffer = 0;
    
    if(depthRenderbuffer) {
        glDeleteRenderbuffersOES(1, &depthRenderbuffer);
        depthRenderbuffer = 0;
    }
}


- (void)startAnimation {
    self.animationTimer = [NSTimer scheduledTimerWithTimeInterval:animationInterval target:self selector:@selector(drawView) userInfo:nil repeats:YES];
}


- (void)stopAnimation {
    self.animationTimer = nil;
}


- (void)setAnimationTimer:(NSTimer *)newTimer {
    [animationTimer invalidate];
    animationTimer = newTimer;
}


- (void)setAnimationInterval:(NSTimeInterval)interval {
    
    animationInterval = interval;
    if (animationTimer) {
        [self stopAnimation];
        [self startAnimation];
    }
}


- (void)dealloc {
    
    [self stopAnimation];
    
    if ([EAGLContext currentContext] == context) {
        [EAGLContext setCurrentContext:nil];
    }
    
    [context release];  
    [super dealloc];
}

@end

.
.
.


OpenGL ES for iPhone : A Simple Tutorial Part 1
2009-04-02T22:25:00.113+08:00
It is difficult to find a beginner's book/tutorial suitable for OpenGL ES 1.1 in iPhone Development, partly because the current version of OpenGL ES is already 2.0 (there is a book on it).   OpenGL ES 2.0 code is, unfortunately, NOT backward compatible with the OpenGL ES version 1.1 that iPhone use.  If you rely on the materials from OpenGL (not ES) 1.5, some functions / features are not available in OpenGL ES as well.  Upto now, there is no primer books on OpenGL ES 1.1 for iPhone Development Environment.

OpenGL ES specification can be obtained here
http://www.khronos.org/opengles/spec/
http://www.khronos.org/registry/gles/specs/1.1/es_full_spec.1.1.12.pdf

The OpenGL ES is an API suitable for contrained devices,  and is derived from the OpenGL 1.5 specification.  To achieve this goal, redundancy  was removed from the OpenGL API.  For example, in OpenGL ES, only vertex arrays exist and immediate mode and display lists were removed.

It is not easy to learn OpenGL ES for iPhone based on the existing available resources, so I decided to write this article based on the materials that I collected from different sources.

1) What is OpenGL ES ?
OpenGL ES is an API for advanced 3D graphics targeted at handheld devices such as iPhone. In OpenGL ES, geometric objects are drawn by specifying a series of coordinate sets that include vertice attributes like position, normal color and texture coordinates. Vertice position is specified using vertex arrays.

OpenGL ES is a "State Machine".  This describes the use of state variables in OpenGL ES and commands are used for querying, enabling, and disabling states.  So enabling states in different orders may have different behavior.

If you have read some OpenGL (not ES) books, you would know that OpenGL ES does not use glBegin() and glEnd().  Moreover, some OpenGL Extensions are not available in iPhone as well.  For the list of supported Extensions in iPhone and iPhone Simulator, please refer to "Drawing With OpenGL ES" in iPhone Application Programming Guide from Apple.

2) How to start learning OpenGL ES ?
The most easiest way is to learn Open GL ES by actual coding and running in an emulator and iPhone Simulator from the SDK is a perfect emulator to test the OpenGL ES code.  In iPhone SDK, you can create a new project from the OpenGL ES Application Template and without any modification, after you build & go in Simulator, you will see a colored square rotating at the middle of the screen.  If you look closely into the source code, you will notice that the rotating square is defined and created inside the  (void)drawView method of the source file EAGLView.m

From the source code, we could learn how to do basic drawings in OpenGL ES for iPhone.  Here is the step by step tutorial and we have taken the approach to explain the existing code inside drawView() method first, so that you know what the code does and where to change the code if you want to mess around.  You may also consider to use the Snapshot feature of XCode which is a very good "time machine" for your XCode Project.

3) How to specify the coordinates for a square ?
  const GLfloat squareVertices[] = {
    -0.5f, -0.5f,    // position v0
     0.5f, -0.5f,    // position v1
    -0.5f,  0.5f,    // position v2
     0.5f,  0.5f,    // position v3
  };

Each set of 2 floats given above specifies the x, y value of a vertex.  The x is the horizontal position, the y is the vertical position that should be.   If you give the third float number in the set, this would be z coordinate.  The more positive the z coordinate, the more out of the screen (towards you) it is.  Later tutorials, we will show you how to draw a pyramid which is a 3D model.

For the vertices position of each set in the square, please refer to diagram of point (4) below.

The vertices positions correspond to the different OpenGL ES Primitive Types in glDrawArrays() function that you will use later.

4) How to specify the colors for a square ?
  const GLubyte squareColors[] = {
    255, 255,   0, 255,    // yellow color
      0, 255, 255, 255,    // cyan color
      0,   0,   0,   0,    // black color
    255,   0, 255, 255,    // magenta color
  };

The colors are specified in groups of 4 given as above. The first color is red+green=yellow, the second is green+blue=cyan and the third is black and the fourth is red+blue=magenta.   The first three parameters indicate your red, green and blue values.  The larger the value, the brighter the color.   If all values are 0, you get black. If all values are 255, you get white.  The last value is the alpha value and is used for transparency. 0 is completely transparent.



5) OpenGL projection matrix glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
The next OpenGL function is glMatrixMode.  When working with OpenGL, there are various matrices that are available to work with.  These define the view and how primitives should be placed.   When transforming primitives later, the GL_MODELVIEW matrix will be used.  If the projection (how objects are viewed) need to be changed later, GL_PROJECTION matrix will be used.

6) Identity Matrix glLoadIdentity();
This is a 4 x 4 matrix with 1's on the diagonals and 0's everywhere else.  The identity matrix has the same properties as the value 1 in normal multiplication.   Any matrix that multiply by the identity matrix will stay the same.   The loading of identity matrix function glLoadIdentity() takes no parameters. We use the glLoadIdentity(); to clear the currently modifiable matrix for future transformation commands, as these commands modify the current matrix.  Typically, we call this command before specifying projection or viewing transformations and also might call it before specifying a modeling transformation.

7) Orthographic Projection glOrthof(left, right, bottom, top, near, far);
There are 2 ways to view things.   One is by viewing objects in an Orthogrpahic manner and the other is viewing objects in a perspective view.   If you have ever looked down a long road, you will notice that the road gets smaller and smaller the further down you look. This is a perspective view.   In an Orthographic view, the road would remain the same width as far as you could see.  Orthographic projection runs quicker than perspective projection.  This does not mean that we should always use it though.  Sometimes you do not necessarily want depth eg. for 2D applications or games.  Here, orthographic projection is extremely useful.

The glOrthof() function is used to specify orthographic projection.  This function takes 6 parameters, each explained below.


GLfloat left & GLfloat right
        These specify the values for the left and right clipping planes.

GLfloat bottom & GLfloat top
        These specify the values for the bottom and top clipping planes.

GLfloat near & GLfloat far
        These specify the drawing distance. Any objects out of this range will
        not be displayed.




All parameters above specify an area that will be displayed in the window.  Looking back at the vertices specified for the square, you can see that the square will be displayed in the center of the window.


8) Rotating the square glRotatef(3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);
The rotation transformation is done using the glRotatef() function.  The first parameter specifies the angle in degrees to rotate the objects, positive float value means counter-clockwise direction, negative float means clockwise.  The next 3 parameters are used to specify in what axis to rotate. These specify a vector. A value of 1.0 is normally used to specify an axis. If you comment out the glRotatef() function call, you will see the square in steady position and we have numbered the vertices position in the diagram below.



9) Clearing color for the background glClearColor(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f);
The first three parameters indicate your red, green and blue values for the background color.   The larger the value, the brighter the color. If all values are 0, you get black. If all values are 1, you get white.   The last value is the alpha value.   This is used for transparency. 1.0f is completely opaque and 0.0f is completely transparent.

10) Clearing the color buffer glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
This function accepts one parameter being which buffers you want to clear.  This causes the screen to be cleared to the grey color specified in point (9) above.

11) Set the current Vertex Array glVertexPointer(2, GL_FLOAT, 0, squareVertices);
Primitives in OpenGL ES are drawn using Vertex Arrays.   You need to set the current vertices to use.  This is accomplished by using the glVertexPointer function. This function takes 4 parameters :

GLint size
        This specifies the number of coordinates per vertex.
        As we had left off the 0.0f's in the square vertices above,
        we would place a 2 here.
        If each vertex has been specified using 3 values (x,y,z) ,
        we would use a 3 for this parameter.

GLenum type
        specifies what data type is being used for the values in the array
        eg. GL_BYTE, GL_SHORT, GL_FLOAT, etc.

GLsizei stride
        specifies the offset between consecutive vertices ie. how many
        extra values exist between the end of the current vertex and
        the beginning of the next vertex.  We do not have any extra data
        between vertices and so we therefore pass 0 for this parameter.

const GLvoid *pointer
        The last parameter is used to specify the memory location of
        the first value in the array of values ie. the pointer to the array.


12)  Enable the Vertex Array glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY);
Like the Vertex Array, there are a number of other arrays that will be covered.  If not all of these arrays are being used, resources can be saved by disabling the others.   All are disabled by default and so we therefore need to enable the Vertex Array.  This is done by using the glEnableClientState(GL_VERTEX_ARRAY) function.  This function takes one parameter, specifying the array that must be enabled.  We therefore pass the GL_VERTEX_ARRAY flag to enable the Vertex Array.

13) Set the current Color Array glColorPointer(4, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, 0, squareColors);
Similar to Vertex Array, color array is setup by glColorPointer() function.  We pass a 4 as the first parameter to indicate that there are 4 floats per vertex.  Other parameters are similar to that of glVertexPointer().

If you want to change the shading mode, you can use glShadeModel() function.  The default is smooth shaded glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH) and the other option is flat shaded glShadeModel(GL_FLAT).

14) Enable the Color Array glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY);
The Color Array is enabled by using the glEnableClientState(GL_COLOR_ARRAY) function

15) Display a shape on the screen glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
Finally, we need to display the shape on the iPhone screen using the glDrawArrays() function.  The parameters are as follows :

GLenum mode
        This is used to specify what primitive to draw. see point (16) below.
GLint first
        This is used to specify the starting index in the array
        ie. how many vertices in the array to skip before starting to read them.
        We want to start from the beginning, thus requiring a value of 0 to be passed.

GLsizei count
        This specifies how many vertices to process. We have 4 vertices
        that we want to use. This is the value that we need to pass to the function.


16) OpenGL Primitives
The first parameter is primitive flag and OpenGL has defined the following types.  Primitives are created by specifying vertices.   These are points in 3D space which specify points on the shape.  A list of primitives are given below along with how their vertices should be placed (also refer to the diagram below).   The primitive type defined the order of the vertices are drawn.

Primitive Flag       Description
GL_POINTS            A point is placed at each vertex.
GL_LINES             A line is drawn for every pair of vertices that are given.
GL_LINE_STRIP        A continuous set of lines are drawn. After the first
                     vertex, a line is drawn between every successive vertex
                     and the vertex before it.
GL_LINE_LOOP         This is the same as GL_LINE_STRIP except that the start and end
                     vertices are connected as well.
GL_TRIANGLES         For every triplet of vertices, a triangle is drawn with corners
                     specified by the coordinates of the vertices.
                     It begins with v0,v1,v2 then v3,v4,v5 and so on.
GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP    After the first 2 vertices, every successive vertex uses the
                     previous 2 vertices to draw a triangle.
                     It begins with v0,v1,v2 then v1,v2,v3 then v2,v3,v4 and so on.
GL_TRIANGLE_FAN      After the first 2 vertices, every successive vertex uses the
                     previous vertex and the first vertex to draw a triangle.
                     This is used to draw cone-like shapes
                     It begins with v0,v1,v2 then v0,v2,v3 then v0,v3,v4 and so on.
GL_QUADS             Draws a series of quadrilaterals (four sided polygons)
                     beginning with v0,v1,v2,v3 then v4,v5,v6,v7 and so on
GL_QUAD_STRIP        Does a series of quadrilaterals beginning with
                     v0,v1,v3,v2 then v2,v3,v5,v4 then v4,v5,v7,v6 and so on
GL_POLYGON           Draws a polygon using the points v0,v1,...,vn
                     as vertices.  n must be at least 3, or nothing is drawn.




17) How to change it to a triangle, move/scale the object ?
You can simply change the last parameter of glDrawArrays to 3 like below, you will see a rotating triangle.  By using the parameter 3, the code ignores the 4th position of the Array.  If you want to change the triangle position or the shape, you should change the values in the array or use transform function to move the triangle.

    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 3);


You can use the glTranslatef() function to move the triangle and the glTranslatef() function should be inserted before the glMatrixMode function as below.
    glTranslatef(0.25f, 0.5f, 0.0f);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glRotatef(3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

We pass 3 floats to the glTranslatef() function, specifying the value to move the drawn objects in the x, y and z direction. Our first transformation is to move the triangle right 0.25 units and up 0.5 units.

You can use the glScalef() function to scale the triangle and the glScalef() function should be inserted before the glMatrixMode function as below.  The code below reduces the size of the triangle by half. You can scale an object a different amount in each axis.  Try to experiment different values for the parameters of glScalef() function to see the effect.
    glScalef(0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f);
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glRotatef(3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);

18) Transformation: "translate first then rotate" or "rotate first then translate" ?

The output of the following codes by changing the order of glTranslatef() and glRotatef() functions will be different.  You can try these codes and see the results in the Simulator.

Please take note that these glTranslatef() and glRotatef() function calls are before glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);


    glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);        // translate first
    glRotatef(30.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);    // then rotate
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

is different from

    glRotatef(30.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);    // rotate first
    glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.5f, 0.0f);        // then translate
    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);


If you try these codes above, and translate something to the right and then rotate it, you will view a rotated shape sitting on the horizontal axis. If you first rotate the object and then translate it, you will view a rotated shape that has been moved out diagonally from the origin.

19) Transformation after glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);

Try changing the order or values of the glTranslatef() and glRotatef() functions below to see what affect each one has.

    glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
    glTranslatef(0.0f, 0.05f, 0.0f);      // move the object
    glRotatef(3.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f);    // rotate the object

20) How to change it to a polygon ?
If you change these codes, you will see a rotating polygon outline as below, we have also numbered the vertices position in the diagram.
  const GLfloat squareVertices[] = {
    -0.5f, -0.5f,    // position v0
    -0.5f,  0.5f,    // position v1
     0.0f, 0.75f,    // position v2
     0.5f,  0.5f,    // position v3
     0.5f, -0.5f,    // position v4
  };

  const GLubyte squareColors[] = {
    255, 255,   0, 255,    // yellow color
      0, 255, 255, 255,    // cyan color
      0,   0,   0,   0,    // black color
    255,   0,   0,   1,    // red color
    255,   0, 255, 255,    // magenta color
  };

  glDrawArrays(GL_LINE_LOOP, 0, 5);



You may notice that the primitive types for GL_QUADS, GL_QUAD_STRIP & GL_POLYGON are not available in OpenGL ES.  To draw the polygon as below, you need to use GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP with these codes

  const GLfloat squareVertices[] = {
    -0.5f, -0.5f,    // position v0
     0.5f, -0.5f,    // position v1
    -0.5f,  0.5f,    // position v2
     0.5f,  0.5f,    // position v3
     0.0f,  0.75f,   // position v4
  };

and

  glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 5);


It does a series of triangle drawings beginning with v0, v1, v2 then v1, v2, v3 and finally v2, v3, v4.


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Sample Source Code : iPhone OS 3.0 peer to peer bluetooth connectivity
2009-03-26T12:48:00.005+08:00
Just saw a sample source code from the apple dev forum to sharing the testing the p2p bluetooth

What you need to do is to create a new project from OpenGL ES Application of iPhone OS 3.0 SDK template called it BluetoothSample
and past the codes as below and test, it should work on 2 iPhone 3G and iPod Touch 2nd gen only.

Then you need to add GameKit framework to build and go

The source is from Travis True

 BluetoothSampleAppDelegate.h Select all

//
//  BluetoothSampleAppDelegate.h
//  BluetoothSample
//

#import "EAGLView.h"
#import <GameKit/GameKit.h>

@interface BluetoothSampleAppDelegate : NSObject  {
    UIWindow *window;
    EAGLView *glView;
 
 GKPeerPickerController *picker;
 GKSession *session;
 
 int myNumber;
 NSData *myData;
 UILabel *textView;
}

@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIWindow *window;
@property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet EAGLView *glView;
@property (nonatomic, retain) GKPeerPickerController *picker;
@property (nonatomic, retain) GKSession *session;

- (void)mySendData;

@end



 BluetoothSampleAppDelegate.m Select all

//
//  BluetoothSampleAppDelegate.m
//  BluetoothSample
//

#import "BluetoothSampleAppDelegate.h"

@implementation BluetoothSampleAppDelegate

@synthesize picker;
@synthesize session;
@synthesize window;
@synthesize glView;

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application {
 
 // setup the text view
 myNumber = 0;
 textView = [[UILabel alloc] initWithFrame:CGRectMake(10.0f, 10.0f, 640.0f, 12.0f)];
 textView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"myNumber: %i\n", myNumber];
 [window addSubview:textView];
 [window bringSubviewToFront:textView];
 
 // start the EAGLView
 glView.animationInterval = 1.0 / 60.0;
 [glView startAnimation];
 
 // allocate the NSData
 myData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:&myNumber length:sizeof(int)];
 
 
 // allocate and setup the peer picker controller
 picker  = [[GKPeerPickerController alloc] init];
 picker.delegate = self;
 picker.connectionTypesMask = GKPeerPickerConnectionTypeNearby | GKPeerPickerConnectionTypeOnline;
 [picker show];
}


- (void)applicationWillResignActive:(UIApplication *)application {
 glView.animationInterval = 1.0 / 5.0;
}


- (void)applicationDidBecomeActive:(UIApplication *)application {
 glView.animationInterval = 1.0 / 60.0;
}


- (void)peerPickerController:(GKPeerPickerController *)picker didSelectConnectionType:(GKPeerPickerConnectionType)type {
    if(type == GKPeerPickerConnectionTypeOnline) {
        [self.picker dismiss];
        [self.picker release];
        self.picker = nil;
  // Display your own UI here.
 }
}


- (GKSession *) peerPickerController:(GKPeerPickerController *)picker
   sessionForConnectionType:(GKPeerPickerConnectionType)type {
 session = [[GKSession alloc] initWithSessionID:@"FR"  displayName:nil sessionMode:GKSessionModePeer];
 session.delegate = self;
 
 return session;
}


- (void)session:(GKSession *)session peer:(NSString *)peerID didChangeState:(GKPeerConnectionState)state {
 switch (state) {
  case GKPeerStateConnected:
   [self.session setDataReceiveHandler :self withContext:nil];
   [self mySendData]; // start off by sending data upon connection
   break;
   
  case GKPeerStateDisconnected:
   break;
 }
}


- (void)peerPickerController:(GKPeerPickerController *)picker didConnectToPeer:(NSString *)peerID {
 printf("connection was successful! start the game.\n");
}


- (void)peerPickerControllerDidCancel:(GKPeerPickerController *)picker {
 printf("connection attempt was canceled\n");
}


- (void)mySendData {
 // allocate the NSData
 myNumber++;
 myData = [[NSData alloc] initWithBytes:&myNumber length:sizeof(int)];
 [session sendDataToAllPeers :myData withDataMode:GKSendDataReliable error:nil];
 printf("send data: %i\n", myNumber);
 textView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"myNumber: %i\n", myNumber];
}


- (void) receiveData:(NSData *)data fromPeer:(NSString *)peer inSession: (GKSession *)session context:(void *)context
{
    // Read the bytes in data and perform an application-specific action, then free the NSData object
 [data getBytes:&myNumber length:sizeof(int)];
 printf("received data: %i from: %s\n", myNumber, [peer UTF8String]);
 textView.text = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"myNumber: %i\n", myNumber];
 
 [self mySendData];
}


- (void)dealloc
{
 [picker release];
 [session release];
 [textView release];
 [glView release];
    [window release];
    [super dealloc];
}


@end



Apple Push Notification Service (APNS)
2009-03-23T20:11:00.028+08:00
The Apple Push Notification Service will be launched in this summer and this is one of interesting features of iPhone OS 3.0.  

Since the SSL certificate for the APNS for the developer's app is not yet available (update: available now on April 9) in the developer program portal, we need to simulate and test it in our environment at this moment.  To prepare for this, we need a client program and a server program (for testing with the client) implementing the TLS communication protocol.

(1) Requirements
The requirement of communication with Apple Push Notification Service (APNS) is described in the "Apple Push Notification Service Programming Guide" and for the developer's view, we need to have a client program to communicate with and send the payload to the APNS

- a "raw" (binary) socket interface which is asynchronous and one-way from developer to APNS
- The binary interface is available through gateway.push.apple.com, port 2195
- use TLS (or SSL) to establish a secured communications channel
- The SSL certificate (will be provided from Apple per Application ID from developer portal) is required for these connections
- should present this certificate to APNS at connection time using peer-to-peer authentication. 
- should also retain connections with APNS across multiple notifications.

(2) Payload
The maximum size allowed for a notification payload is 256 bytes;
Example of the notification payload

Command : 1 byte (0x00)
Device Token length : 2 bytes (0x00 0x20)
Device Token(binary) : 32 bytes
Payload length : 2 bytes
Payload Content (max 256 bytes): e.g.

{
"aps" : {
  "alert" : {"loc-key":"%@ and %@ have invited you to Dinner","loc-args":["Jenna","Frank"]},
  "badge" : 9
  "sound" : "happysound.aiff"
 },
"acme1" : "custom property",
"acme2" : 42,
"acme3" : [5,8]
}


The following example shows the payload message of 
{"aps":{"alert":"Message from javacom","badge":9}}
in HexEdit Screen




#define DEVICE_BINARY_SIZE 32
#define MAXPAYLOAD_SIZE 256

(3) Pseudocode for this client side program (My iniitial draft for C Code)


Client code for TLS v1 protocol
Needs openssl crypto lib

At first
Initialisation of TLS Context and return SSL Context
SSL_CTX *ctx;
SSL *ssl;

SSL_CTX object is created as a framework to establish TLS/SSL enabled connections 
  use SSL_CTX_new to create a new context
SSL_CTX should include the tls stuff for SSL certificate handling
  use SSL_CTX_set_client_cert_cb(ctx, client_cert_cb) to provide client SSL cert.

socket is created for the APNS
int sock;
struct sockaddr_in server;

connect socket 
   connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&server, sizeof(server))

Then associate the network connection with the object

create a new SSL structure for a connection 
   SSL_new(ctx))) 

connect the SSL object with a socket file descriptor 
   SSL_set_app_data(ssl, conn);
   SSL_set_fd(ssl, sock)

Set ssl to work in client mode (that is to connect)
  SSL_set_connect_state(ssl);

Then the TLS/SSL handshake is performed
Connect SSL
   SSL_connect
If connect successful
  Compose Payload
  sendPayload using SSL_write (this part was given by Apple)

If connect unsuccessful, handle error

If Payload sent or reach maximum retries
Then Shut down the TLS/SSL connection.
SSL_shutdown(ssl);
SSL_free(ssl);
Destroy SSL Context
SSL_CTX_free(ctx); ctx = NULL
close(sock);




(4) Other aspects (TO-DOs)
-  Keep the definitive count of data items remaining to be downloaded.
-  Regularly connect with the feedback web server and fetch the current list of those devices that have repeatedly reported failed-delivery attempts.
- iPhone client program

see update here
http://iphonesdkdev.blogspot.com/2009/04/apns-client-development-certificate.html
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3G Tethering & MMS for iPhone OS 3.0 beta
2009-03-20T23:15:00.008+08:00



Use this shell command to find out the ipcc file for your country
curl -s -L http://phobos.apple.com/version | grep -i carrier

Then follow these instructions below to amend the bundle contents

Instruction for 3G Tethering is here
http://www.iphonealley.com/news/hacker-enables-usb-tethering-in-30-beta

Instruction for MMS is here
http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=671426


You can also change the carrier logo, if you modified the png files in the bundle

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Thank you
2009-02-21T12:43:00.000+08:00



How to re-codesign iPhone binary ?
2009-02-03T17:50:00.065+08:00
The codesign certificate from Apple is used by developers to compile the source code and deploy their iPhone Apps to device. 

Have you ever think of how to re-codesign an already compiled iPhone binary and deploy that app to non-jailbroken iPhone without the source code and without re-compiling in Xcode ?  That means only re-codesign the binary with the developer certificate again so that XCode can deploy it to development devices such as iPhone / iPod Touch.  By using this method, you can patch the existing binary / add localization bundles or change the graphic files before re-codesign and deployment to device.

For example, there was a very nice app called NetShare which was pulled from the App Store, sometimes ago.

Would it be nice, if I can re-codesign (using the developer certificate) the NetShare binary and deploy it to my iPhone 3G, no jailbreak required.  I can use it for tethering  in cellular wireless.

I have done it, and the developer certificate is used to change the codesign signature and the app can be installed to non-jailbroken iPhone / iPod Touch successfully.  This requires a hack on the original ipa file downloaded from App Store.

The following screen dump is captured from my iPod Touch second generation, no jailbreak.  (I did not use redsn0w)

In my testing in iPhone 3G, Netshare can tether the 3G cellular networking using Mac OS X using the SOCKS Proxy.  Safari Web Browing, iChat and iTunes work.  But Microsoft Messenger and Mail do not work.




To implement the re-codesign, you first need a decrypted ipa, there are lots of them out there in the net.  Don't ask me to give you.

Part I Decrypted IPAPlease take note that you don't need this method to decrypt the IPA file, if you already have the decrypted one downloaded from the net (those ipa files floating in the net are already decrypted).

If you have that particular app installed in iPhone from AppStore directly, it needs to be decrypted in order to be useful.  One of the decrypt methods is to use a jailbreak iPhone and run the script (source from pr0x.org Forum) below in iPhone to create the decrypted ipa.
To use this method you must have installed the app from App Store in jailbreak iPhone plus the following packages from Cydia
apt-get install com.ericasadun.utilities gdb gawk zip ldid odcctools

To find out the app names with descending date order that your iPhone have installed, run this command in iPhone
find /var/mobile/Applications/ -iname *.app  | xargs -0 ls -ldt

and use this command to generated the decrypted ipa e.g. 
./DCrypt.sh "Monkey Ball"

DCrypt.sh Select all

#!/bin/sh
#
# DeCrypt - v1.1 (2008-10-21)
#  - v1.1 (2008-10-21)
# FloydianSlip
#
# Heavily based on xcrack
#
# Many thanks to:
#    puy0, SaladFork, Flox, Flawless
#

echo "DeCrypt 1.1 (2008-10-21)"
echo "FloydianSlip"
echo

if [ ! -e /usr/bin/plutil ]; then
echo "Cannot find plutil (apt-get install com.ericasadun.utilities)"
exit 1
fi

if [ ! -e /usr/bin/gdb ]; then
echo "Cannot find gdb (apt-get install gdb)"
exit 1
fi

if [ ! -e /usr/bin/otool ]; then
echo "Cannot find otool (apt-get install odcctools)"
exit 1
fi

if [ ! -e /usr/bin/ldid ]; then
echo "Cannot find otool (apt-get install ldid)"
exit 1
fi


if [ ! -e /usr/bin/awk ]; then
       echo "Cannot find awk (apt-get install gawk)"
       exit 1
fi

if [ ! -e /usr/bin/zip ]; then
       echo "Cannot find zip (apt-get install zip)"
       exit 1
fi

if [ $# -ne 1 ]; then
echo "Usage: $(basename $0) <ApplicationName>"
echo
exit 1
fi

AppInput=$1

if [ -d "$AppInput" ]; then
       tempLoc=$AppInput
else
echo "Locating $AppInput"
tempLoc=$(find /var/mobile/Applications -iname "$AppInput.app")
if [ -z "$tempLoc" ]; then
 echo "Unable to locate $AppInput"
 exit 1
fi
AppCount=$(find /var/mobile/Applications -iname "$AppInput.app" | wc -l)
if [ $AppCount -gt 1 ]; then
 echo "Found two installation directories:"
 find /var/mobile/Applications -iname "$AppInput.app"
 exit 1
fi
fi

AppPath=$(dirname "$tempLoc")
AppName=$(basename "$tempLoc")
AppExec=$(plutil -v CFBundleExecutable "$tempLoc/Info.plist" 2>&1 | awk -F "] " '{ print $2 }')
AppVer=$(plutil -v CFBundleVersion "$tempLoc/Info.plist" 2>&1 | awk -F "] " '{ print $2 }')
AppDisplayName=$(plutil -v CFBundleDisplayName "$tempLoc/Info.plist" 2>&1 | awk -F "] " '{ print $2 }')

if [ ! -d "$AppPath" ]; then
echo "Unable to locate original installation directory"
exit 1
fi

if [ ! -d "$AppPath/$AppName" ]; then
echo "Unable to locate .app directory"
exit 1
fi

if [ ! -e "$AppPath/$AppName/$AppExec" ]; then
echo "Unable to locate executable"
exit 1
fi

echo "Found $AppName"

echo "Creating directories"
WorkDir="/tmp/DecryptApp-$(date +%Y%m%d-%H%M%S)"
NewAppDir="$HOME/Documents/Decrypted"

if [ -e "$WorkDir" ]; then
rm -rf "$WorkDir"
fi

mkdir -p "$WorkDir"

if [ ! -e "$NewAppDir" ]; then
mkdir -p "$NewAppDir"
fi

if [ ! -d "$WorkDir" -o ! -d "$NewAppDir" ]; then
echo "Unable to create Directories"
exit 1
fi

echo "Copying application files"

cp -a "$AppPath/$AppName/" "$WorkDir/"

if [ ! -e "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec" ]; then
echo "Unable to copy application files"
rm -fr "$WorkDir"
exit 1
fi

echo "Analyzing application"

CryptID=$(otool -l "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec" | grep cryptid | awk '{print $2}')
if [ $CryptID -ne "1" ]; then
echo "Application is not encrypted"
rm -fr "$WorkDir"
exit 1
fi

CryptSize=$(otool -l "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec" | grep cryptsize | awk '{print $2}')
if [ ! $CryptSize ]; then
echo "Unable to find CryptSize"
rm -fr "$WorkDir"
exit 1
fi

CryptOff=$(otool -l "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec" | grep cryptoff | awk '{print $2}')
if [ ! $CryptOff ]; then
       echo "Unable to find CryptOff"
       rm -fr "$WorkDir"
exit 1
fi

echo "Locating and patching CryptID"

# "/System/Library/Frameworks" in hex
PathAsHex="2f53797374656d2f4c6962726172792f4672616d65776f726b73"

# - Convert to hex on 1 long line, only take stuff before the path string,
# - Convert to 1 byte set per line, find 0x01 (line number is offset in the real file),
# - Strip newlines, reverse the order
oneLocations=($(od -A n -t x1 -v "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec" | \
tr -d ' ','\n' | \
sed "s/$PathAsHex.*\$//" | \
sed "s/../&\n/g" | \
grep -n -s 01 | \
cut -d : -f 1 | \
sort -nr | \
tr "\n" " "))

for TryOffset in "${oneLocations[@]}"; do
cp -a "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec" "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec.trying"
foo=$(echo -ne "\x00" | dd bs=1 seek=$((TryOffset - 1)) conv=notrunc status=noxfer of="$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec.trying" 2>&1> /dev/null)
cid=$(otool -l "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec.trying" | grep cryptid | awk '{print $2}')
if [ $cid -eq 0 ]; then
 break
fi
rm "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec.trying"
done

if [ ! -e "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec.trying" ]; then
echo "Unable to find CryptID"
rm -fr "$WorkDir"
exit 1
fi

mv "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec.trying" "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec"

echo "Dumping unencrypted data from application"

echo -e "set sharedlibrary load-rules \".*\" \".*\" none\r\n\
set inferior-auto-start-dyld off\r\n\
set sharedlibrary preload-libraries off\r\n\
set sharedlibrary load-dyld-symbols off\r\n\
handle all nostop\r\n\
break *0x2000\r\n
commands 1\r\n\
dump memory $WorkDir/dump.bin 0x2000 $(($CryptSize + 0x2000))\r\n\
kill\r\n\
quit\r\n\
end\r\n\
start" > $WorkDir/batch.gdb

foo=$(gdb -q -e "$AppPath/$AppName/$AppExec" -x $WorkDir/batch.gdb -batch 2>&1> /dev/null)

rm $WorkDir/batch.gdb

echo "Verifiying data dump"

DumpSize=$(stat -c%s "$WorkDir/dump.bin")
if [ "$DumpSize" != "$CryptSize" ]; then
echo "Memory dump is not the right size or does not exist"
rm -fr "$WorkDir"
exit 1
fi

echo "Replacing encrypted data with data dump"
foo=$(dd seek=4096 bs=1 conv=notrunc if="$WorkDir/dump.bin" of="$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec" 2>&1> /dev/null)
rm "$WorkDir/dump.bin"

echo "Signing the application"
foo=$(ldid -s "$WorkDir/$AppName/$AppExec" 2>&1> /dev/null)
plutil -s 'SignerIdentity' -v 'Apple iPhone OS Application Signing' "$WorkDir/$AppName/Info.plist" 2>&1> /dev/null

if [ -e "$WorkDir/$AppName/SC_Info" ]; then
echo "Removing SC_Info"
rm -fr "$WorkDir/$AppName/SC_Info"
fi

if [ -e "$WorkDir/$AppName/_CodeSignature" ]; then
echo "Removing _CodeSignature"
rm -fr "$WorkDir/$AppName/_CodeSignature"
fi

if [ -h "$WorkDir/$AppName/CodeResources" ]; then
echo "Removing CodeResources"
rm -fr "$WorkDir/$AppName/CodeResources"
fi

if [ -e "$WorkDir/$AppName/ResourceRules.plist" ]; then
echo "Removing ResourceRules.plist"
rm -fr "$WorkDir/$AppName/ResourceRules.plist"
fi

echo "Building .ipa"

mkdir -p "$WorkDir/Payload"
if [ ! -e "$WorkDir/Payload" ]; then
echo "Failed to create Payload directory"
rm -fr "$WorkDir"
exit 1
fi
mv "$WorkDir/$AppName" "$WorkDir/Payload/"

echo "Copying iTunesArtwork"

if [ -e "$AppPath/iTunesArtwork" ]; then
cp -a "$AppPath/iTunesArtwork" "$WorkDir/"
else
echo "Unable to find iTunesArtwork"
fi

echo "Compressing the .ipa"
IPAName=$NewAppDir/$(echo $AppDisplayName | sed -e "s: :_:g")-v$AppVer.ipa
cd "$WorkDir"
zip -m -r "$IPAName" * 2>&1> /dev/null
cd - 2>&1> /dev/null
if [ ! -e "$IPAName" ]; then
echo "Failed to compress the .ipa"
rm -fr "$WorkDir"
exit 1
fi

echo "Removing temporary files"
rm -rf "$WorkDir"

echo "Done"
echo "Created decrypted .ipa at $IPAName"


Part II Installation of XCode Template

curl -O http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/CrappStore.zip
unzip -o CrappStore.zip -d "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/Library/Xcode/Project Templates/Application/"



Part III XCode Build & Go

To install the decrypted ipa to non-jailbreak iPhone via XCode, you need the followings and a fully functional build & go iPhone device with iPhone SDK development environment with all Official certificates and Provisioning Profiles from Apple installed in Mac and iPhone /iPod Touch device1) The XCode Template called CrappStore (see installation instruction in Part II above)
2) Official Developer Certificate from Apple installed in Mac
3) Official Development Provisioning Profile from Apple installed in Mac and iPhone / iPod Touch for development
4) XCode and iPhone SDK (I have tested it on iPhone SDK 2.2.1, but should work on earlier versions) installed in Mac (Intel)

Steps to Build & Go in Mac Xcode
1) Get the project name from the ipa file unzip -l Monkey_Ball-v1.02.ipa
2) Create a new project from the CrappStore XCode Template with Project Name same as the decrypted ipa e.g. "Monkey Ball"
3) Copy the decrypted ipa file (with extension .ipa) to the newly created Project folder (only copy one .ipa file to that project folder)
e.g. ~/Projects/Monkey\ Ball/Monkey_Ball-v1.02.ipa
4) Make sure iPhone / iPod Touch is connected to USB and recognized by XCode
5) Select Device - iPhone OS 2.0 (Project Settings)
6) Click Build & Go to Device Release.  Or alternatively, you can simply build and then drag the product to the device's app list.
Done

It is possible to have other methods, but using the Xcode is the easiest one.  Moreover, you can patch / mod it before deployment to device.  If you have modified the app, remember to delete the ipa file in the project folder, so that it will not be unzipped again and overwrite your modding.









How to skip provisioning profile for iPhone SDK 2.2.1 (build 9M2621a)
2009-01-29T01:34:00.008+08:00
The trick to skip provisioning profile for iPhone SDK 2.1.1 (build 9M2621a) still works

Just backup and edit the file and add the magic words as shown below highlighted in red color

/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Info.plist

Info.plist:Select all

<key>OverrideProperties</key>
 <dict>
  <key>CODE_SIGN_CONTEXT_CLASS</key>
  <string>XCiPhoneOSCodeSignContext</string>
  <key>DEBUG_INFORMATION_FORMAT</key>
  <string>dwarf-with-dsym</string>
  <key>EMBEDDED_PROFILE_NAME</key>
  <string>embedded.mobileprovision</string>
  <key>SDKROOT</key>
  <string>iphoneos2.2.1</string>
  <key>PROVISIONING_PROFILE_ALLOWED</key>
  <string>NO</string>
  <key>PROVISIONING_PROFILE_REQUIRED</key>
  <string>NO</string>
 </dict>


Please remember to restart your Xcode after the amendment above.

For MobileInstallation patch, please use my package (updated to support firmware 2.2.1) as posted here
http://hackint0sh.org/forum/showpost.php?p=340693&postcount=14

Related articles from this blog
http://iphonesdkdev.blogspot.com/2008/11/how-to-skip-provisioning-profile-for.html
http://iphonesdkdev.blogspot.com/2008/09/xcode-template-for-pwned-iphone-device.html







Objective C 2.0, Foundation Framework Quick Reference
2009-01-25T22:37:00.024+08:00





Data Type Conversion Rules
The Objective-C compiler adheres to very strict rules when it comes to evaluating expressions that consist of different data types.

The following summarizes the order in which conversions take place in the evaluation of two operands in an expression:

1. If either operand is of type long double, the other is converted to long double, and that is the type of the result.

2. If either operand is of type double, the other is converted to double, and that is the type of the result.

3. If either operand is of type float, the other is converted to float, and that is the type of the result.

4. If either operand is of type _Bool, char, short int, or bit field,[1] or of an enumerated data type, it is converted to int.

5. If either operand is of type long long int, the other is converted to long long int, and that is the type of the result.

6. If either operand is of type long int, the other is converted to long int, and that is the type of the result.

7. If this step is reached, both operands are of type int, and that is the type of the result.































Common NSString Methods
Method Description
+(id) stringWithContentsOfFile: path encoding: enc error: err Creates a new string and sets it to the path contents of a file specified by path using character encoding enc, returning error in err if non-nil
+(id) stringWithContentsOfURL: url encoding: enc error: err Creates a new string and sets it to the contents of url using character encoding enc, returning error in err if non-nil
+(id) string Creates a new empty string
+(id) stringWithString: nsstring Creates a new string, setting it to nsstring
-(id) initWithString: nsstring Sets a newly allocated string to nsstring
-(id) initWithContentsOfFile: path encoding: enc error: err Sets a string to the contents of a file specified by path
-(id) initWithContentsOfURL: url encoding enc error: err Sets a string to the contents of url (NSURL *) url using character encoding enc, returning error in err if non-nil
-(NSUInteger) length Returns the number of characters in the string
-(unichar) characterAtIndex: i Returns the Unicode character at index i
-(NSString *) substringFromIndex: i Returns a substring from the character at i to the end
-(NSString *) substringWithRange: range Returns a substring based on a specified range
-(NSString *) substringToIndex: i Returns a substring from the start of the string up to the character at index i
-(NSComparator *) caseInsensitiveCompare: nsstring Compares two strings, ignoring case
-(NSComparator *) compare: nsstring Compares two strings
-(BOOL) hasPrefix: nsstring Tests whether a string begins with nsstring
-(BOOL) hasSuffix: nsstring Tests whether a string ends with nsstring
-(BOOL) isEqualToString: nsstring Tests whether two strings are equal
-(NSString *) capitalizedString Returns a string with the first letter of every word capitalized (and the remaining letters in each word converted to lower case)
-(NSString *) lowercaseString Returns a string converted to lower case
-(NSString *) uppercaseString Returns a string converted to upper case
-(const char *) UTF8String Returns a string converted to a UTF-8 C-style character string
-(double) doubleValue Returns a string converted to a double
-(float) floatValue Returns a string converted to a floating value
-(NSInteger) integerValue Returns a string converted to an NSInteger integer
-(int) intValue Returns a string converted to an integer












Common NSMutableString Methods
Method Description
+(id) stringWithCapacity: size Creates a string initially containing size characters.
-(id) initWithCapacity: size Initializes a string with an initial capacity of size characters.
-(void) setString: nsstring Sets a string to nsstring.
-(void) appendString: nsstring Appends nsstring to the end of the receiver.
-(void) deleteCharactersInRange: range Deletes characters in a specified range.
-(void) insertString: nstring atIndex: i Inserts nsstring into the receiver starting at index i.
-(void) replaceCharactersInRange: range withString: nsstring Replaces characters in a specified range with nsstring.
-(void) replaceOccurrencesOf String: nsstring withString: nsstring2 options: opts range: range Replaces all occurrences of nsstring with nsstring2 within a specified range and according to options opts. Options can include a bitwise-ORed combination of NSBackwardsSearch (the search starts from the end of range), NSAnchoredSearch (nsstring must match from the beginning of the range only), NSLiteralSearch (performs a byte-by-byte comparison), and NSCaseInsensitiveSearch.













Common NSArray Methods
Method Description
+(id) arrayWithObjects: obj1, obj2, ... nil Creates a new array with obj1, obj2, ... as its elements
-(BOOL) containsObject: obj Determines whether the array contains obj (uses the isEqual: method)
-(NSUInteger) count Indicates the number of elements in the array
-(NSUInteger) indexOfObject: obj Specifies the index number of the first element that contains obj (uses the isEqual: method)
-(id) objectAtIndex: i Indicates the object stored in element i
-(void) makeObjectsPerform Selector: (SEL) selector Sends the message indicated by selector to every element of the array
-(NSArray *) sortedArrayUsing Selector: (SEL) selector Sorts the array according to the comparison method specified by selector
-(BOOL) writeToFile: path automically: (BOOL) flag Writes the array to the specified file, creating a temporary file first if flag is YES













Common  NSMutableArray  Methods
Method Description
+(id) array Creates an empty array
+(id) arrayWithCapacity: size Creates an array with a specified initial size
-(id) initWithCapacity: size Initializes a newly allocated array with a specified initial size
-(void) addObject: obj Adds obj to the end of the array
-(void) insertObject: obj atIndex: i Inserts obj into element i of the array
-(void) replaceObjectAtIndex: i withObject: obj Replaces element i of the array with obj
-(void) removeObject: obj Removes all occurrences of obj from the array
-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: i Removes element i from the array, moving down elements i+1 through the end of the array
-(void) sortUsingSelector: (SEL) selector Sorts the array based on the comparison method indicated by selector











Common  NSDictionary  Methods
Method Description
+(id) dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: obj1, key1, obj2, key2, ..., nil Creates a dictionary with key-object pairs {key1, obj1}, {key2, obj2}, ...
-(id) initWithObjectsAndKeys: obj1, key1, obj2, key2,..., nil Initializes a newly allocated dictionary with key-object pairs {key1, obj1}, {key2, obj2}, ...
-(unsigned int) count Returns the number of entries in the dictionary
-(NSEnumerator *) keyEnumerator Returns an NSEnumerator object for all the keys in the dictionary
-(NSArray *) keysSortedByValueUsingSelector: (SEL) selector Returns an array of keys in the dictionary sorted according to the comparison method selector specifies
-(NSEnumerator *) objectEnumerator Returns an NSEnumerator object for all the values in the dictionary
-(id) objectForKey: key Returns the object for the specified key









Common  NSMutableDictionary  Methods
Method Description
+(id) dictionaryWithCapacity: size Creates a mutable dictionary with an initial specified size
-(id) initWithCapacity: size Initializes a newly allocated dictionary to be of an initial specified size
-(void) removeAllObjects Removes all entries from the dictionary
-(void) removeObjectForKey: key Removes the entry for the specified key from the dictionary
-(void) setObject: obj forKey: key Adds obj to the dictionary for the key key and replaces the value if key already exists













Common  NSSet  Methods
Method Description
+(id) setWithObjects: obj1, obj2, ..., nil Creates a new set from the list of objects
-(id) initWithObjects: obj1, obj2, ..., nil Initializes a newly allocated set with a list of objects
-(NSUInteger) count Returns the number of members in the set
-(BOOL) containsObject: obj Determines whether the set contains obj
-(BOOL) member: obj Determines whether the set contains obj (using the isEqual: method)
-(NSEnumerator *) objectEnumerator Returns an NSEnumerator object for all the objects in the set
-(BOOL) isSubsetOfSet: nsset Determines whether every member of the receiver is present in nsset
-(BOOL) intersectsSet: nsset Determines whether at least one member of the receiver appears in nsset
-(BOOL) isEqualToSet: nsset Determines whether the two sets are equal












Common  NSMutableSet  Methods
Method Description
-(id) setWithCapacity: size Creates a new set with an initial capacity to store size members
-(id) initWithCapacity: size Sets the initial capacity of a newly allocated set to size members
-(void) addObject: obj Adds obj to the set
-(void) removeObject: obj Removes obj from the set
-(void) removeAllObjects Removes all members of the receiver
-(void) unionSet: nsset Adds each member of nsset to the receiver
-(void) minusSet: nsset Removes all members of nsset from the receiver
-(void) intersectSet: nsset Removes all members from the receiver that are not also in nsset















Common  NSFileManager  Methods
Method Description
-(NSData *) contentsAtPath: path Reads data from a file
-(NSData *) createFileAtPath: path contents: (NSData *) data attributes: attr Writes data to a file
-(BOOL) removeFileAtPath: path handler: handler Removes a file
-(BOOL) movePath: from toPath: to handler: handler Renames or moves a file (to cannot already exist)
-(BOOL) copyPath: from toPath: to handler: handler Copies a file (to cannot already exist)
-(BOOL) contentsEqualAtPath: path1 andPath: path2 Compares contents of two files
-(BOOL) fileExistsAtPath: path Tests for file existence
-(BOOL) isReadableFileAtPath: path Tests whether file exists and can be read
-(BOOL) isWritableFileAtPath: path Tests whether file exists and can be written
-(NSDictionary *) fileAttributesAtPath: path traverseLink: (BOOL) flag Gets attributes for file
-(BOOL) changeFileAttributes: attr atPath: path Changes file attributes















Common  Path Utility  Methods
Method Description
+(NSString *) pathWithComponents: components Constructs a valid path from elements in components
-(NSArray *) pathComponents Deconstructs a path into its constituent components
-(NSString *) lastPathComponent Extracts the last component in a path
-(NSString *) pathExtension Extracts the extension from the last component in a path
-(NSString *) stringByAppendingPathComponent: path Adds path to the end of an existing path
-(NSString *) stringByAppendingPathExtension: ext Adds the specified extension to the last component in the path
-(NSString *) stringByDeletingLastPathComponent Removes the last path component
-(NSString *) stringByDeletingPathExtension Removes the extension from the last path component
-(NSString *) stringByExpandingTildeInPath Expands any tildes in the path to the user's home directory (~) or a specified user's home directory (~user)
-(NSString *) stringByResolvingSymlinksInPath Attempts to resolve symbolic links in the path
-(NSString *) stringByStandardizingPath Standardizes a path by attempting to resolve ~, ..(parent directory), .(current directory), and symbolic links



Common Resources Path for iPhone
NSBundle  Select all

NSString *myinfoplist = [ [ NSString alloc ] initWithFormat: @"%@/Info.plist", [[NSBundle mainBundle] resourcePath] ];
NSLog (@"Documents Folder is %@",[NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:@"Documents"]);
NSString *myFile = [ [ NSString alloc ] initWithFormat: @"%@/Documents/file.db", NSHomeDirectory() ];
 
NSDirectoryEnumerator *dirEnum;
NSString *file;
dirEnum = [ [ NSFileManager defaultManager ] enumeratorAtPath:NSHomeDirectory()];
while (file = [ dirEnum nextObject ]) {
 NSLog(@"%@",[NSHomeDirectory() stringByAppendingPathComponent:file]);
 /*
  Documents/
  Library/
  Preferences/
  MyApp.app/
  */
}









iPhone Sample Source Code : UISlider UITextField UISwitch & UISegmentedControl
2009-01-25T02:12:00.017+08:00


This is a sample source code (no interface builder file)  implementing the one similar to Setting Bundle for UIKit Controls  
UISlider, UITextField, UISwitch & UISegmentedControl

main.m Select all

//  main.m
//  Settings
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
    
    NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc] init];
    int retVal = UIApplicationMain(argc, argv, nil, @"AppDelegate");
    [pool release];
    return retVal;
}


AppDelegate.h Select all

//  AppDelegate.h
//  Settings
//

#import <UIKit/UIKit.h>
#pragma mark -
#pragma mark MainViewController
#pragma mark -

@interface MainViewController : UITableViewController <UITextFieldDelegate>{
 
    UITextField *activeTextField;
}

- (id) init;
- (void) dealloc;
- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView;
- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section;
- (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section;
- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath;

@end

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark AppDelegate
#pragma mark -

@interface AppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> {
    UIWindow *window;
    MainViewController *viewController;
    UINavigationController *navigationController;
}

@property (nonatomic, retain) UIWindow *window;
@property (nonatomic, retain) MainViewController *viewController;

@end


AppDelegate.m Select all

//  AppDelegate.m
//  Settings
//
//

#define DEBUG_BUILD

#ifdef DEBUG_BUILD
    #define DEBUGLOG(x) x
    #define LogMethod() NSLog(@"%@ %@", self, NSStringFromSelector(_cmd))
#else
    #define DEBUGLOG(x)
    #define LogMethod() 
#endif

#import "AppDelegate.h"

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark MainViewController
#pragma mark -

@implementation MainViewController

- (id) init {
    self = [ super initWithStyle: UITableViewStyleGrouped ];
 
    if (self != nil) {
        self.title = @"Settings";
    }
    return self;
}

- (void) loadView {
    LogMethod();
    [ super loadView ];
}

- (BOOL)shouldAutorotateToInterfaceOrientation: (UIInterfaceOrientation)interfaceOrientation
{
    LogMethod();
    return (interfaceOrientation == UIInterfaceOrientationPortrait);
}

- (void)didReceiveMemoryWarning {
     LogMethod();
    [ super didReceiveMemoryWarning ];
}

- (void)dealloc {
//    [ shipStabilityControl release ];
    [ super dealloc ];
}

#pragma mark - UITableView delegates

- (NSInteger)numberOfSectionsInTableView:(UITableView *)tableView {
    return 3;
}

- (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    switch (section) {
        case(0):
            return 4;
            break;
        case(1):
            return 3;
            break;
        case(2):
            return 1;
            break;
    }
 
    return 0;
}

- (NSString *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView titleForHeaderInSection:(NSInteger)section
{
    switch (section) {
        case(0):
            return @"Game Settings";
            break;
        case(1):
            return @"Advanced Settings";
            break;
        case(2):
            return @"About";
            break;
    }
    return nil;
}

- (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath
{
    NSString *CellIdentifier = [ NSString stringWithFormat: @"%d:%d", [ indexPath indexAtPosition: 0 ], [ indexPath indexAtPosition:1 ]];
 
    UITableViewCell *cell = [ tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier: CellIdentifier];
 
    if (cell == nil) {
        cell = [ [ [ UITableViewCell alloc ] initWithFrame: CGRectZero reuseIdentifier: CellIdentifier] autorelease ];
  
        cell.selectionStyle = UITableViewCellSelectionStyleNone;
  
        switch ([ indexPath indexAtPosition: 0]) {
            case(0):
                switch([ indexPath indexAtPosition: 1]) {
                    case(0):
      {
       UISlider *musicVolumeControl = [ [ UISlider alloc ] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(170, 0, 125, 50) ];
       musicVolumeControl.minimumValue = 0.0;
       musicVolumeControl.maximumValue = 10.0;
       musicVolumeControl.tag = 0;
       musicVolumeControl.value = 3.5;
       musicVolumeControl.continuous = YES;
       [musicVolumeControl addTarget:self action:@selector(sliderAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
       [ cell addSubview: musicVolumeControl ];
       cell.textLabel.text = @"Music Volume"; // OS3
//       cell.text = @"Music Volume";
       [ musicVolumeControl release ];
      }
                        break;
                    case(1):
      {
       UISlider *gameVolumeControl = [ [ UISlider alloc ] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(170, 0, 125, 50) ];
       gameVolumeControl.minimumValue = 0.0;
       gameVolumeControl.maximumValue = 10.0;
       gameVolumeControl.tag = 1;
       gameVolumeControl.value = 3.5;
       gameVolumeControl.continuous = YES;
       [gameVolumeControl addTarget:self action:@selector(sliderAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
       [ cell addSubview: gameVolumeControl ];
       cell.textLabel.text = @"Game Volume"; // OS3
//       cell.text = @"Game Volume";
       [ gameVolumeControl release ];
      }
                        break;
                    case(2):
      {
       UISegmentedControl *difficultyControl = [ [ UISegmentedControl alloc ] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(170, 5, 125, 35) ];
       [ difficultyControl insertSegmentWithTitle: @"Easy" atIndex: 0 animated: NO ];
       [ difficultyControl insertSegmentWithTitle: @"Hard" atIndex: 1 animated: NO ];
       difficultyControl.selectedSegmentIndex = 0;
       difficultyControl.tag = 2;
       [difficultyControl addTarget:self action:@selector(segmentAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
       [ cell addSubview: difficultyControl ];
       cell.textLabel.text = @"Difficulty"; // OS3
//       cell.text = @"Difficulty";
       [difficultyControl release];
      }
                        break;
     case(3):
      {
       UISegmentedControl *actionControl = [[UISegmentedControl alloc] initWithItems:[NSArray arrayWithObjects: @"Check", @"Search", @"Tools", nil]];
       actionControl.frame =  CGRectMake(145, 5, 150, 35);
       actionControl.selectedSegmentIndex = 1;
       actionControl.tag = 3;
       [actionControl addTarget:self action:@selector(segmentAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
       actionControl.segmentedControlStyle = UISegmentedControlStyleBar;
      
       [cell addSubview:actionControl];
       cell.textLabel.text = @"Actions"; // OS3
//       cell.text = @"Actions";
       [actionControl release];
      }
                        break;
                }
                break;
            case(1):
                switch ([ indexPath indexAtPosition: 1 ]) {
                    case(0):
      {
       UITextField *playerTextField = [ [ UITextField alloc ] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(150, 10, 145, 34) ];
       playerTextField.adjustsFontSizeToFitWidth = YES;
       playerTextField.textColor = [UIColor blackColor];
       playerTextField.font = [UIFont systemFontOfSize:17.0];
       playerTextField.placeholder = @"";
       playerTextField.backgroundColor = [UIColor clearColor];
       playerTextField.autocorrectionType = UITextAutocorrectionTypeNo;        // no auto correction support
       playerTextField.autocapitalizationType = UITextAutocapitalizationTypeNone; // no auto capitalization support
       playerTextField.textAlignment = UITextAlignmentRight;
       playerTextField.keyboardType = UIKeyboardTypeDefault; // use the default type input method (entire keyboard)
       playerTextField.returnKeyType = UIReturnKeyDone;
       playerTextField.tag = 0;
       playerTextField.delegate = self;
       
       playerTextField.clearButtonMode = UITextFieldViewModeNever; // no clear 'x' button to the right
       playerTextField.text = @"";
       [ playerTextField setEnabled: YES ];
       [ cell addSubview: playerTextField ];
       cell.textLabel.text = @"Player"; // OS3
//       cell.text = @"Player";
       [playerTextField release];
      }
                        break;
                    case(1):
      {
       UISwitch *resetControl = [ [ UISwitch alloc ] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(200, 10, 0, 0) ];
       resetControl.on = YES;
       resetControl.tag = 1;
       [resetControl addTarget:self action:@selector(switchAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
       [ cell addSubview: resetControl ];
       cell.textLabel.text = @"Reset"; // OS3
//       cell.text = @"Reset";
       [resetControl release];
      }
      break;
                    case(2):
      {
       UISwitch *debugControl = [ [ UISwitch alloc ] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(200, 10, 0, 0) ];
       debugControl.on = NO;
       debugControl.tag = 2;
       [debugControl addTarget:self action:@selector(switchAction:) forControlEvents:UIControlEventValueChanged];
       [ cell addSubview: debugControl ];
       cell.textLabel.text = @"Debug"; // OS3
//       cell.text = @"Debug";
       [debugControl release];
      }
      break;
    }
                break;
            case(2):
    {
     UITextField *versionControl = [ [ UITextField alloc ] initWithFrame: CGRectMake(170, 10, 125, 38) ];
     versionControl.text = @"1.0.0 Rev. B";
     [ cell addSubview: versionControl ];

     [ versionControl setEnabled: YES ];
     versionControl.tag = 2;
     versionControl.delegate = self;
     cell.textLabel.text = @"Version"; // OS3
//     cell.text = @"Version";
     [versionControl release];
    }
                break;
        }
    }
 
    return cell;
}

#pragma mark ControlEventTarget Actions


- (void)segmentAction:(UISegmentedControl*)sender
{
 if ([activeTextField canResignFirstResponder])
  [activeTextField resignFirstResponder];
 
 DEBUGLOG(NSLog(@"segmentAction: sender = %d, segment = %d",  [sender tag], [sender selectedSegmentIndex]));
}

- (void)sliderAction:(UISlider*)sender
{
 if ([activeTextField canResignFirstResponder])
  [activeTextField resignFirstResponder];
 DEBUGLOG(NSLog(@"sliderAction: sender = %d, value = %.1f",  [sender tag], [sender value]));
}

- (void)switchAction:(UISwitch*)sender
{
 if ([activeTextField canResignFirstResponder])
  [activeTextField resignFirstResponder];
 DEBUGLOG(NSLog(@"switchAction: sender = %d, isOn %d",  [sender tag], [sender isOn]));
}


#pragma mark <UITextFieldDelegate> Methods

- (BOOL)textFieldShouldBeginEditing:(UITextField *)textField
{
 activeTextField = textField;
 DEBUGLOG(NSLog(@"textFieldShouldBeginEditing: sender = %d, %@",  [textField tag], [textField text]));
    return YES;
}

- (void)textFieldDidEndEditing:(UITextField *)textField
{
 DEBUGLOG(NSLog(@"textFieldDidEndEditing: sender = %d, %@",  [textField tag], [textField text]));
}

- (BOOL)textFieldShouldReturn:(UITextField *)textField
{
 DEBUGLOG(NSLog(@"textFieldShouldReturn: sender = %d, %@",  [textField tag], [textField text]));
 activeTextField = nil;
    [textField resignFirstResponder];
    return YES;
}


@end

#pragma mark -
#pragma mark AppDelegate
#pragma mark -

@implementation AppDelegate

@synthesize window;
@synthesize viewController;

- (void)applicationDidFinishLaunching:(UIApplication *)application 
{    
    LogMethod();

    // If you want the status bar to be hidden at launch use this:
    //  application.statusBarHidden = YES;
    //
    // To set the status bar as black, use the following:
    // application.statusBarStyle = UIStatusBarStyleBlackOpaque;


    // Create window
    window = [[UIWindow alloc] initWithFrame:[[UIScreen mainScreen] bounds]];
    
    // this helps in debugging, so that you know "exactly" where your views are placed;
    // if you see "red", you are looking at the bare window, otherwise use black
    // window.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

    viewController = [ [ MainViewController alloc ] init ];

 navigationController = [ [ UINavigationController alloc ] initWithRootViewController: viewController ];
 
    /* Anchor the view to the window */
    [window addSubview:[navigationController view]];

    /* Make the window key and visible */
    [window makeKeyAndVisible];
}

- (void)applicationDidReceiveMemoryWarning:(UIApplication *)application
{
 // low on memory: do whatever you can to reduce your memory foot print here
}


- (void)dealloc
{
    [viewController release];
    [navigationController release];
    [window release];
    [super dealloc];
}

@end







Source Code : Get Hardware Info of iPhone
2009-01-21T17:32:00.022+08:00
This is a collection of open source codes to print out the hardware info of iPhone.  If you know more, please post link here in comment and I will update it.

Battery Info source (requires IOKit header files from SimulatorSDK)
http://forums.macrumors.com/showthread.php?t=474628

Memory & CPU
http://furbo.org/2007/08/21/what-the-iphone-specs-dont-tell-you/

Process
Landon Fuller, iphonesdk@googlegroups.com

hwinfo.c  Select all

#import <stdio.h>
#import <string.h>

#import <mach/mach_host.h>
#import <sys/sysctl.h>

#include <CoreFoundation/CoreFoundation.h>
#include <IOKit/ps/IOPowerSources.h>
#include <IOKit/ps/IOPSKeys.h>

#include <assert.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <syslog.h>

void printMemoryInfo()
{
 size_t length;
 int mib[6]; 
 int result;

 printf("Memory Info\n");
 printf("-----------\n");

 int pagesize;
 mib[0] = CTL_HW;
 mib[1] = HW_PAGESIZE;
 length = sizeof(pagesize);
 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &pagesize, &length, NULL, 0) < 0)
 {
  perror("getting page size");
 }
 printf("Page size = %d bytes\n", pagesize);
 printf("\n");

 mach_msg_type_number_t count = HOST_VM_INFO_COUNT;
 
 vm_statistics_data_t vmstat;
 if (host_statistics(mach_host_self(), HOST_VM_INFO, (host_info_t)&vmstat, &count) != KERN_SUCCESS)
 {
  printf("Failed to get VM statistics.");
 }
 
 double total = vmstat.wire_count + vmstat.active_count + vmstat.inactive_count + vmstat.free_count;
 double wired = vmstat.wire_count / total;
 double active = vmstat.active_count / total;
 double inactive = vmstat.inactive_count / total;
 double free = vmstat.free_count / total;

 printf("Total =    %8d pages\n", vmstat.wire_count + vmstat.active_count + vmstat.inactive_count + vmstat.free_count);
 printf("\n");
 printf("Wired =    %8d bytes\n", vmstat.wire_count * pagesize);
 printf("Active =   %8d bytes\n", vmstat.active_count * pagesize);
 printf("Inactive = %8d bytes\n", vmstat.inactive_count * pagesize);
 printf("Free =     %8d bytes\n", vmstat.free_count * pagesize);
 printf("\n");
 printf("Total =    %8d bytes\n", (vmstat.wire_count + vmstat.active_count + vmstat.inactive_count + vmstat.free_count) * pagesize);
 printf("\n");
 printf("Wired =    %0.2f %%\n", wired * 100.0);
 printf("Active =   %0.2f %%\n", active * 100.0);
 printf("Inactive = %0.2f %%\n", inactive * 100.0);
 printf("Free =     %0.2f %%\n", free * 100.0);
 printf("\n");

 mib[0] = CTL_HW;
 mib[1] = HW_PHYSMEM;
 length = sizeof(result);
 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &result, &length, NULL, 0) < 0)
 {
  perror("getting physical memory");
 }
 printf("Physical memory = %8d bytes\n", result);
 mib[0] = CTL_HW;
 mib[1] = HW_USERMEM;
 length = sizeof(result);
 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &result, &length, NULL, 0) < 0)
 {
  perror("getting user memory");
 }
 printf("User memory =     %8d bytes\n", result);
 printf("\n");
}

void printProcessorInfo()
{
 size_t length;
 int mib[6]; 
 int result;

 printf("Processor Info\n");
 printf("--------------\n");

 mib[0] = CTL_HW;
 mib[1] = HW_CPU_FREQ;
 length = sizeof(result);
 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &result, &length, NULL, 0) < 0)
 {
  perror("getting cpu frequency");
 }
 printf("CPU Frequency = %d hz\n", result);
 
 mib[0] = CTL_HW;
 mib[1] = HW_BUS_FREQ;
 length = sizeof(result);
 if (sysctl(mib, 2, &result, &length, NULL, 0) < 0)
 {
  perror("getting bus frequency");
 }
 printf("Bus Frequency = %d hz\n", result);
 printf("\n");
}

int printBatteryInfo()
{
 CFTypeRef blob = IOPSCopyPowerSourcesInfo();
 CFArrayRef sources = IOPSCopyPowerSourcesList(blob);
 
 CFDictionaryRef pSource = NULL;
 const void *psValue;
 
 int numOfSources = CFArrayGetCount(sources);
 if (numOfSources == 0) {
  perror("Error getting battery info");
  return 1;
 }
 
 printf("Battery Info\n");
 printf("------------\n");

 for (int i = 0 ; i < numOfSources ; i++)
 {
  pSource = IOPSGetPowerSourceDescription(blob, CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(sources, i));
  if (!pSource) {
   perror("Error getting battery info");
   return 2;
  }
  psValue = (CFStringRef)CFDictionaryGetValue(pSource, CFSTR(kIOPSNameKey));
  
  int curCapacity = 0;
  int maxCapacity = 0;
  int percent;
  
  psValue = CFDictionaryGetValue(pSource, CFSTR(kIOPSCurrentCapacityKey));
  CFNumberGetValue((CFNumberRef)psValue, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &curCapacity);
  
  psValue = CFDictionaryGetValue(pSource, CFSTR(kIOPSMaxCapacityKey));
  CFNumberGetValue((CFNumberRef)psValue, kCFNumberSInt32Type, &maxCapacity);
  
  percent = (int)((double)curCapacity/(double)maxCapacity * 100);
  
  printf ("powerSource %d of %d: percent: %d/%d = %d%%\n", i+1, CFArrayGetCount(sources), curCapacity, maxCapacity, percent);
  printf("\n");

 }
 
}

int printProcessInfo() {
    int mib[5];
    struct kinfo_proc *procs = NULL, *newprocs;
    int i, st, nprocs;
    size_t miblen, size;

    /* Set up sysctl MIB */
    mib[0] = CTL_KERN;
    mib[1] = KERN_PROC;
    mib[2] = KERN_PROC_ALL;
    mib[3] = 0;
    miblen = 4;

    /* Get initial sizing */
    st = sysctl(mib, miblen, NULL, &size, NULL, 0);

    /* Repeat until we get them all ... */
    do {
        /* Room to grow */
        size += size / 10;
        newprocs = realloc(procs, size);
        if (!newprocs) {
            if (procs) {
                free(procs);
            }
            perror("Error: realloc failed.");
            return (0);
        }
        procs = newprocs;
        st = sysctl(mib, miblen, procs, &size, NULL, 0);
    } while (st == -1 && errno == ENOMEM);

    if (st != 0) {
        perror("Error: sysctl(KERN_PROC) failed.");
        return (0);
    }

    /* Do we match the kernel? */
    assert(size % sizeof(struct kinfo_proc) == 0);

    nprocs = size / sizeof(struct kinfo_proc);

    if (!nprocs) {
        perror("Error: printProcessInfo.");
        return(0);
    }
    printf("  PID\tName\n");
    printf("-----\t--------------\n");
    for (i = nprocs-1; i >=0;  i--) {
       printf("%5d\t%s\n",(int)procs[i].kp_proc.p_pid, procs[i].kp_proc.p_comm);
    }
    free(procs);
    return (0);
}


int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
 printf("iPhone Hardware Info\n");
 printf("====================\n");
 printf("\n");
 
 printMemoryInfo();
 printProcessorInfo();
 printBatteryInfo();
 printProcessInfo();
 return (0);
}


MAC Address & IP address of network interfaces
original source from devforums.apple.com and modified to show IP address and exclude loopback addresses

macaddress.c  Select all

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <net/if.h>
#include <net/if_dl.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>

#if ! defined(IFT_ETHER)
#define IFT_ETHER 0x6/* Ethernet CSMACD */
#endif

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
  bool success;
  struct ifaddrs *addrs;
  const struct ifaddrs *cursor;
  const struct sockaddr_dl *dlAddr;
  const uint8_t *base;
  int i;

  success = getifaddrs(&addrs) == 0;
  if (success) {
    cursor = addrs;
    while (cursor != NULL) {
    if ((cursor->ifa_flags & IFF_LOOPBACK) == 0 ) {
      printf("%s ", (char *)cursor->ifa_name);
      printf("%s\n",inet_ntoa(((struct sockaddr_in *)cursor->ifa_addr)->sin_addr));
    }
    if ( (cursor->ifa_addr->sa_family == AF_LINK)
    && (((const struct sockaddr_dl *) cursor->ifa_addr)->sdl_type ==IFT_ETHER)
    ) {
      dlAddr = (const struct sockaddr_dl *) cursor->ifa_addr;
//      fprintf(stderr, " sdl_nlen = %d\n", dlAddr->sdl_nlen);
//      fprintf(stderr, " sdl_alen = %d\n", dlAddr->sdl_alen);
      base = (const uint8_t *) &dlAddr->sdl_data[dlAddr->sdl_nlen];
      printf(" MAC address ");
      for (i = 0; i < dlAddr->sdl_alen; i++) {
        if (i != 0) {
          printf(":");
        }
        printf("%02x", base[i]);
      } 
      printf("\n");
    }
    cursor = cursor->ifa_next;
    }
  }
  return 0;
}

 
 
 
There are also iPhone device info from the SDK in UIDevice.h
UIDevice.h  Select all

+ (UIDevice *)currentDevice;
@property(nonatomic,readonly,retain) NSString    *name;              // e.g. "My iPhone"
@property(nonatomic,readonly,retain) NSString    *model;             // e.g. @"iPhone", @"iPod Touch"
@property(nonatomic,readonly,retain) NSString    *localizedModel;    // localized version of model
@property(nonatomic,readonly,retain) NSString    *systemName;        // e.g. @"iPhone OS"
@property(nonatomic,readonly,retain) NSString    *systemVersion;     // e.g. @"2.0"
@property(nonatomic,readonly) UIDeviceOrientation orientation;       // return current device orientation
@property(nonatomic,readonly,retain) NSString    *uniqueIdentifier;  // a string unique to each device based on various hardware info.

undocumented
- (id)buildVersion;
- (int)batteryState;





 
 
 


How-to do ARM GCC Inline Assembler for iPhone
2009-01-12T22:12:00.024+08:00
The following code demonstrates an example to write Inline Assembler in llvm-gcc for iPhone ARM

arithmetic_shift_right.c  Select all

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
  int i = atoi(argv[1]);
  asm volatile ("mov %0, %1, ASR #1" : "=r"(i) : "r"(i));
  printf("arithmetic_shift_right is %d\n", i);
  exit(0);
}


The general format (ref) is
asm volatile (assembler instructions : output operands (optional) : input operands (optional) : clobbered registers (optional) );

e.g.
asm volatile ("mul %0, %1, %2" : "=r" (result) : "r" (number1) , "r" (number2));


This version is for Assembler Macro

arithmetic_shift_right.c  Select all

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

inline int arithmetic_shift_right(int a) {
 int y;
 __asm__("mov %0, %1, ASR #1" : "=r" (y) : "r" (a));
 // Register R0 will become the value of register R1 shifted to the right by 1 bit, with the sign maintained.
 return y;
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
 int i = atoi(argv[1]);
 printf("arithmetic_shift_right %d is %d\n", i, arithmetic_shift_right(i));
 exit(0);
}



Below is the otool output for Assembler Macro
otool -tV  Select all

_arithmetic_shift_right:
00001eb4 e92d4080 stmdb sp!, {r7, lr}
00001eb8 e28d7000 add r7, sp, #0 ; 0x0
00001ebc e24dd008 sub sp, sp, #8 ; 0x8
00001ec0 e58d0000 str r0, [sp]
00001ec4 e59d3000 ldr r3, [sp]
00001ec8 e1a030c3 mov r3, r3, asr #1       @@ arithmetic shift right
00001ecc e58d3004 str r3, [sp, #4]
00001ed0 e59d3004 ldr r3, [sp, #4]
00001ed4 e1a00003 mov r0, r3
00001ed8 e247d000 sub sp, r7, #0 ; 0x0
00001edc e8bd8080 ldmia sp!, {r7, pc}


Below is the otool output for Assembler Macro (after full optimzation -O2)
otool -tV  Select all

_arithmetic_shift_right:
00001f04 e1a000c0 mov r0, r0, asr #1
00001f08 e12fff1e bx lr




Assembler Macro for more than one assembler instruction
arithmetic shift right then perform 16 bit binary multiplication

Assembler Macros Select all

 __asm__("mov %0, %1, ASR #1\n\t"
         "mul %0, %0, %1"
         : "=r" (y) : "r" (a));








Enable Emoji without jailbreak iPhone
2009-01-07T16:50:00.022+08:00
There is no need to guess and wait for update. This patch works for firmware 2.2 / 2.2.1

Emoji is the Japanese name for pictorial characters, smileys and emoticons. The characters are similar to the commonly used emoticons  but Emoji contains over 461 icons. These icons are standardized and built into most japanese handsets.



Currently, this new feature for firmware 2.2 is available to Japanese iPhone 3G or jailbreak iPhone with emoji patch only.

To enable Emoji without jailbreak, you need to install an app that I made.

This is not a vcard.vcf method, this is a patch like the one in Cydia but available to iPhone and no jailbreak required.  The above screen dump is directly captured from my iPhone 3G, and no jailbreak.


Touch Dial Emoji Version 1.2

To enable Emoji, follow these steps
(1) Upgrade iPhone firmware to 2.2

(2) Install Touch Dial Emoji version 1.2 from App Store
iTunes Link http://phobos.apple.com/WebObjects/MZStore.woa/wa/viewSoftware?id=286534260&mt=8

Yes, you have to pay for this app. If you don't like to pay, jailbreak your iPhone and install the package from Cydia, it is free.

(3) Goto Settings -> Touch Dial -> turn Enable Smiley icon to ON


(4) Launch Touch Dial 

(5) Go to Settings>General>Keyboard>International Keyboards>Japanese and enable "Emoji."




The difficulty of this app is not on coding as the method is well known, it is about how to get it past.

One more thing, new hack is coming.


CodeSign error: a valid provisioning profile is required
2009-01-07T14:42:00.020+08:00
"CodeSign error: a valid provisioning profile is required for product type 'Application' in SDK 'Device - iPhone OS 2.2"

This error will appear when you update your provisioning profile in iPhone SDK 2.2
or after the expiration of developer certificate and that you have a new provisioning profile from the developer portal

This is the solution (which is modified from http://www.furmanek.net/54/iphone-sdk-22-codesign-error/)

Suppose you have copied your provisioning profile called "iPhone_Development.mobileprovision" to the Library folder and build & go an old iPhone project called "MyApp", and this annoying error appears

(1) cd ~/Library/MobileDevice/Provisioning\ Profiles/

(2) find out the UUID of the provisioning profile
strings iPhone_Development.mobileprovision | grep "<string>.*-.*</string>"

output is like this
<string>xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx</string>

(3) copy that UUID between the string tag

(4) close xcode and go to your project
cd ~/Projects/MyApp/MyApp.xcodeproj

(5) Use a text editor to open the project.pbxproj
find the string PROVISIONING_PROFILE

paste the UUID that you copied from step (3) and put it in both Debug and Release Sections (do multiple finds) for the following line
e.g.
PROVISIONING_PROFILE = "xxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";

(6) Launch XCode and open the project and build & go again


Updates :
Deleting all of the lines "PROVISIONING_PROFILE" in project.pbxproj will also fix the problem for iPhone SDK 3 or above







UICatalog : Makefile for Apple sample iPhone SDK code
2009-01-04T10:13:00.015+08:00
To check out UICatalog from Apple developer website or from here
svn co -r16 http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/UICatalog UICatalog

The modification here is to show how to change the xib file to iphone code (as in revision 17) here
http://code.google.com/p/apiexplorer/source/detail?r=17

Furthermore, if you checkout the revision 18, you can have the ldid binary and Makefiles for installation to iPhone /Applications folder
Mac : (using Makefile.mac and ldid_mac)
Linux toolchain : (using Makefile.linux and ldid_linux)
iPhone gcc : (using Makefile.iphone and please install ldid package in Cydia)

Instructions to compile using Makefile for UICatalog under Mac
(1) Checkout revision 18
svn co -r18 http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/UICatalog UICatalog

(2) Install respring in iPhone (if haven't done so) assume your iphone ip is 10.0.2.2
make install_respring -f Makefile.mac IPHONE_IP=10.0.2.2

(3) modify the IPHONE_IP (to the actual IP address of iPhone) in Makefile.mac
IPHONE_IP=10.0.2.2

(4) make & install
make -f Makefile.mac
make install -f Makefile.mac

If you want to install your Mac / Linux public key in iPhone so as to avoid typing password using ssh, please refer to my previous post here

Instructions to compile using Makefile for UICatalog under Linux toolchain

Please refer to these two articles in how to install toolchain in Linux
http://iphonesdkdev.blogspot.com/2008/11/upgrade-vmware-image-to-ubuntu-810-for.html
http://iphonesdkdev.blogspot.com/2008/10/how-to-install-llvm-gcc-for-iphone-sdk.html

(1) Checkout revision 18
svn co -r18 http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/UICatalog UICatalog

(2) Install respring in iPhone (if haven't done so) assume your iphone ip is 10.0.2.2
make install_respring -f Makefile.linux IPHONE_IP=10.0.2.2

(3) modify the IPHONE_IP  (to the actual IP address of iPhone) and toolchain  (to the toolchain folder location) in Makefile.linux
IPHONE_IP=10.0.2.2
toolchain=/usr/toolchain2

(4) make & install
make -f Makefile.linux
make install -f Makefile.linux

If you want to install your Mac / Linux public key in iPhone so as to avoid typing password using ssh, please refer to my previous post here

Instructions to compile using Makefile for UICatalog under iPhone gcc
Assume already install iphone gcc, ldid, make and subversion packages in Cydia and also have sdk headers / lib files

(1) Checkout revision 18
svn co -r18 http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/UICatalog UICatalog

(2) Install respring in iPhone (if haven't done so) 
make install_respring -f Makefile.iphone

(3) modify the SDK  (to the sdk headers and lib files location) in Makefile.iphone
SDK = /var/toolchain2/sys20

(4) make & install
make -f Makefile.iphone
make install -f Makefile.iphone

P.S. There is a great tool here to convert .xib / *.nib to .m
see here
http://github.com/akosma/nib2objc/tree/master


If you need to compile ldid in Intel machine, here is how

wget http://svn.telesphoreo.org/trunk/data/ldid/ldid-1.0.476.tgz
tar -zxf ldid-1.0.476.tgz
cd ldid-1.0.476
g++ -I . -o util/ldid{,.cpp} -x c util/{lookup2,sha1}.c
sudo cp -a util/ldid /usr/bin


For PowerPC, you need the patch file here
http://fink.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/fink/dists/10.4/unstable/crypto/finkinfo/ldid.patch?revision=1.1

and to apply the patch before compilation, use this

curl -O http://svn.telesphoreo.org/trunk/data/ldid/ldid-1.0.476.tgz
tar -zxf ldid-1.0.476.tgz
wget -qO- http://fink.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/fink/dists/10.4/unstable/crypto/finkinfo/ldid.patch?revision=1.1 | patch -p0
cd ldid-1.0.476
g++ -I . -o util/ldid{,.cpp} -x c util/{lookup2,sha1}.c
sudo cp -a util/ldid /usr/bin


Updates : The source of of ldid is moved to here
wget http://www.telesphoreo.org/export/477/trunk/data/ldid/ldid-1.0.476.tgz
or updated one here
wget http://svn.telesphoreo.org/trunk/data/ldid/ldid-1.0.610.tgz

Updates : If you compiled it in cgywin, you need to add (uint32_t) in the source code ldid.cpp that has ambiguous overload call error message like this

error: call of overloaded 'Swap(int)' is ambiguous









How-to create svn server (subversion) in iPhone
2009-01-02T15:04:00.019+08:00
This guide shows you how to setup svn+ssh server in pwned iPhone

(1) Install subversion package in Cydia
apt-get install subversion

(2) create repository in iPhone (e.g. with the Project called UICatalog)

mkdir -p /var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository
svnadmin create /var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog
mkdir -p /tmp/UICatalog/trunk /tmp/UICatalog/branches /tmp/UICatalog/tags
svn import /tmp/UICatalog/ file:///var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog -m "Create Directory Structure"
rm -rf /tmp/UICatalog


(3) Import Project directory
import from iPhone
svn import UICatalog file:///var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog/trunk -m "Import project dir from iPhone"

import from Mac (assume iPhone IP is 10.0.2.2)
svn import UICatalog svn+ssh://root@10.0.2.2/var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog/trunk -m "Import project dir from Mac"

(4) Checkout Project directory
checkout to Mac (assume iPhone IP is 10.0.2.2)
svn checkout svn+ssh://root@10.0.2.2/var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog/trunk UICatalog

checkout a specific revision 5 to Mac (assume iPhone IP is 10.0.2.2)
svn co -r 5 svn+ssh://root@10.0.2.2/var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog/trunk UICatalogR2

checkout to iPhone to another dir
svn checkout file:///var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog/trunk UICatalog2

checkout a specific revision 5 to iPhone
svn co -r 5 file:///var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog/trunk UICatalog_v5


(5)Other useful svn commands
(change directory to the working copy that was checkout in iPhone)
cd UICatalog2
svn info
svn commit -m 'commit changes'
svn ls file:///var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog/trunk
svn log

(change directory to the working copy that was checkout in Mac)
cd UICatalog
svn add newfile.m
svn info
svn commit -m 'commit changes'
svn ls svn+ssh://root@10.0.2.2/var/root/Library/Subversion/Repository/UICatalog/trunk
svn log


(6) svn to googlecode.com
svn checkout https://<yourproject>.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/<yourprojectdirname> --username <your username without @gmail.com>

When prompted, enter your generated googlecode.com password.
The googlecode.com svn password is in the googlecode.com (it is not the same as the gmail password)

Profile -> Settings

cd <yourprojectdirname>
svn add newfile.m
svn commit -m 'commit changes: adding newfile.m'


import to a subdirectory
svn import <yourprojectdirname> https://<yourproject>.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/<yourprojectdirname>/ --username <your username without @gmail.com>

delete directory/files that were in the wrong place
svn delete -m "Deleting wrong place commit" https://<yourproject>.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/<directorytobedeleted> https://<yourproject>.googlecode.com/svn/trunk/<filetobedeleted> ....

(7) Others
The use of Xcode 3 and subversion is in Apple documentation here
http://developer.apple.com/mac/articles/server/subversionwithxcode3.html

You can make use of this to manage SCM for XCode project to google code, Mac or iPhone


(8) GIT
If you need git on leopard, here
http://code.google.com/p/git-osx-installer/
or use MacPorts (port install git-core)

or you can compile and install from source

mkdir ~/src
cd ~/src/
curl -O http://kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-1.6.5.3.tar.bz2
tar -xjvf git-1.6.5.3.tar.bz2
cd git-1.6.5.3
./configure --prefix=/usr/local
make
sudo make install
git --version








XCode Template for cocos2d
2009-01-01T22:37:00.013+08:00
This open source game Libray is for you to development games for iPhone using XCode. The current version is 0.6.2

The project source is here
http://code.google.com/p/cocos2d-iphone/

These are the features of the library:
  * Scene management (workflow)
  * Transitions between scenes
  * Sprites
  * Actions
  * Basic menus and buttons
  * Integrated Chipmunk 2d physics engine
  * Particle system
  * Text rendering support
  * Texture Atlas support
  * Tile Map support
  * Parallax scrolling
  * Touch/Accelerometer support
  * Portrait and Landscape mode
  * Integrated Pause/Resume
  * Supports PowerVR Texture Compression (PVRTC) format
  * Language: objective-c
  * Open Source: Compatible with open and closed source projects
  * OpenGL ES 1.1 based

Here is the XCode Template, so that you can create new project and start 2d game programming

Installation Instruction of this XCode Template for cocos2d 0.62

curl -O http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/cocos2d.zip
unzip cocos2d.zip -d "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/Library/Xcode/Project Templates"


Here is a quick primer guide to start development with a simple game using cocos2d, this XCode template is also created based on the method as described in this article
http://monoclestudios.com/cocos2d_whitepaper.html 
and these two as well
http://lethain.com/entry/2008/oct/03/notes-on-cocos2d-iphone-development/
http://lethain.com/entry/2008/oct/20/touch-detection-in-cocos2d-iphone/

After installation of this XCode Template, you can create new project for cocos2d library

A Makefile is also included so that you can build the created new project and ldid fake codeign and install in the /Application folder of iPhone

(1) you need to change the IPHONE_IP in the Makefile
(2) make install_respring
(3) make
(4) make install

If you want to install your Mac public key in iPhone so as to avoid typing password using ssh, please refer to my previous post here

The api documentation of cocos2d are here
http://groups.google.com/group/cocos2d-iphone-discuss 

Update : Cocos2d v0.7 XCode Template

curl -O http://apiexplorer.googlecode.com/files/cocos2d_v0.7.zip
unzip cocos2d_v0.7.zip -d "/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/Library/Xcode/Project Templates"


This new XCode Template v0.7 has been restructured so that when cocos2d is updated in the future, you can just copy the new cocos2d directory and replace the cocos2d-iphone in the old project directory e.g.


cp -r ~/Downloads/cocos2d-iphone-0.8/* ~/Projects/myproject/cocos2d-iphone/
rm -fr ~/Projects/myproject/cocos2d-iphone/cocos2d-iphone.xcodeproj









iPhone SDK 2.2 API Explorer
2008-12-22T12:03:00.011+08:00
API Explorer is an iPhone App for searching SDK API, version 1 is written by Patrick Collison 

http://collison.ie/blog/2008/10/iphone-hackery-api-explorer

git clone http://code.collison.ie/git/explorer/.git

I have enhanced it to version 1.2.1 with addition of searchbox and on-line reference to Erica Sadun 2.2 class documentation 
and some bug fixes

Installation Instructions: 

Cydia Source : http://cydia.iphone.org.hk/apt/ 
Section: Utilities 
Name: API Explorer 

Source code for version 1.2.1 is here
http://www.iphone.org.hk/attach/48276-explorer-1.2.1.zip

SVN repository is here
http://code.google.com/p/apiexplorer/








property and synthesize directives in Objective C 2.0
2008-12-20T17:20:00.010+08:00
@property directive is to declare a property

@interface Test : NSObject {
}
@property (readwrite,assign) int var1
@property (readonly,assign) int var2
@property (getter=foo, setter=foo1:) int var3
@end

readwrite attribute (default) tells the compiler to generate both getter and setter accessors

readonly attribute tells the compiler not to generate a setter accessor

assign attribute to implement set-by-assignment (i.e. generate setter and simply assigns a value to the instance variable)

-(void) setVar1:(NSString *)s
{
     var1 = s;
}


copy attribute to implement set-by-copy (usually for mutable object)

-(void) setVar1:(NSString *)s
{
     [var1 release];
     var1 = [s copy];
}


retain attribute to implement set-by-retainment (i.e. generate setter and retain a value before assignment)

-(void) setVar1:(NSString *)s
{
     [s retain];
     [var1 release];
     var1 = s;
}



@synthesize directive is to make the compiler generate accessors

@implementation Test
@synthesize var1;
@synthesize var2;
@dynamic var3;
@end

By Default, these messages are named var1 and setVar1 where var1 is the name of the variable



dynamic attribute tells the compiler not to generate any accessor messages








Here is a good guideline for memory management in Cocoa
http://oreilly.com/pub/a/mac/excerpt/Cocoa_ch04/index.html

Retention Count rules
Within a given block, the use of -copy, -alloc and -retain should equal the use of -release and -autorelease.
Objects created using convenience constructors (e.g. NSString's stringWithString) are considered autoreleased.
Implement a -dealloc method to release the instance variables you own

retain increases the reference count of an object by 1
release decreases the reference count of an object by 1
autorelease decreases the reference count of an object by 1 at some stage in the future
alloc  allocates memory for an object, and returns it with retain count of 1
copy  makes a copy of an object, and returns it with retain count of 1









How-To compile iPhone Project in Mac using Makefile instead of Xcode and fake codesign and then install to pwned iPhone
2008-12-20T12:30:00.025+08:00
You can use the command line xcodebuild to build and install iPhone project such as

xcodebuild -target Project_Name
xcodebuild install -target Project_Name

Here is an example to compile iPhone Project using Makefile instead of XCode.

The Makefile will compile and codesign the binary using ldid (Intel binary version) and then install the files directly to iPhone /Applications/ folder using ssh

Location of files
----------------
Classes : source code (.m .c .cpp etc)
Resources : png file and other support files
Project folder : *.xib Info.plist

(1) First you need to download this sample zip file and extract it to your Mac and cd to the directory


curl -O http://www.iphone.org.hk/attach/48150-PeoplePickerDemo.zip
unzip 48150-PeoplePickerDemo.zip
cd PeoplePickerDemo


(3) Change the IPHONE_IP in the Makefile to the IP address of iPhone, default is 10.0.2.2


Makefile: Select all

IPHONE_IP=10.0.2.2

SDKVER=2.0
SDK=/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS$(SDKVER).sdk

CC=/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/arm-apple-darwin9-gcc-4.0.1
CPP=/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/bin/arm-apple-darwin9-g++-4.0.1
LD=$(CC)

LDFLAGS += -framework CoreFoundation 
LDFLAGS += -framework Foundation 
LDFLAGS += -framework UIKit 
LDFLAGS += -framework CoreGraphics
LDFLAGS += -framework AddressBookUI
LDFLAGS += -framework AddressBook
//LDFLAGS += -framework QuartzCore
//LDFLAGS += -framework GraphicsServices
//LDFLAGS += -framework CoreSurface
//LDFLAGS += -framework CoreAudio
//LDFLAGS += -framework Celestial
//LDFLAGS += -framework AudioToolbox
//LDFLAGS += -framework WebCore
//LDFLAGS += -framework WebKit
//LDFLAGS += -framework SystemConfiguration
//LDFLAGS += -framework CFNetwork
//LDFLAGS += -framework MediaPlayer
//LDFLAGS += -framework OpenGLES
//LDFLAGS += -framework OpenAL

LDFLAGS += -L"$(SDK)/usr/lib"
LDFLAGS += -F"$(SDK)/System/Library/Frameworks"
LDFLAGS += -F"$(SDK)/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks"

CFLAGS += -I"/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/lib/gcc/arm-apple-darwin9/4.0.1/include/"
CFLAGS += -I"$(SDK)/usr/include"
CFLAGS += -I"/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/usr/include/"
CFLAGS += -I"/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneSimulator.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneSimulator$(SDKVER).sdk/usr/include"
CFLAGS += -DDEBUG -std=c99
CFLAGS += -Diphoneos_version_min=2.0
CFLAGS += -F"$(SDK)/System/Library/Frameworks"
CFLAGS += -F"$(SDK)/System/Library/PrivateFrameworks"

CPPFLAGS=$CFLAGS


(4) install respring utility in iPhone
make install_respring

(5) run make and make install
make
make install

(6) Test launch the app Demo in iPhone
.
.
.

In order to avoid typing the password using ssh, you can install the ssh public key of your Mac to your iPhone using the following method

(a) keygen in Mac terminal and type (if you haven't generated it before)
ssh-keygen -t rsa

You will be asked to enter a passphrase, please remember that if you enter that.

(b) create .ssh directory in iPhone (assume ip address of iPhone is 10.0.2.2) and in Mac terminal and type
ssh root@10.0.2.2 'mkdir -p .ssh'
then enter iPhone root password (alpine)

(c) copy mac public key to iPhone, and in Mac Terminal type
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub | ssh root@10.0.2.2 'cat >> .ssh/authorized_keys'
then enter iPhone root password (alpine)

(d) Edit the file /etc/ssh/sshd_config in iPhone

change these

#StrictModes yes
#PubkeyAuthentication yes
#AuthorizedKeysFile      .ssh/authorized_keys


to


StrictModes no
PubkeyAuthentication yes
AuthorizedKeysFile      .ssh/authorized_keys


(e)reboot iPhone

If you don't reboot, you can restart sshd using

cd /Library/LaunchDaemons/
launchctl unload com.openssh.sshd.plist ; launchctl load com.openssh.sshd.plist



To compile ldid in Power PC, do this


wget http://svn.telesphoreo.org/trunk/data/ldid/ldid-1.0.476.tgz

tar -zxf ldid-1.0.476.tgz

# this patch is for PowerPC only
wget -qO- http://fink.cvs.sourceforge.net/viewvc/*checkout*/fink/dists/10.4/unstable/crypto/finkinfo/ldid.patch?revision=1.1 | patch -p0


cd ldid-1.0.476

g++ -I . -o util/ldid{,.cpp} -x c util/{lookup2,sha1}.c

sudo cp -a util/ldid /usr/bin

Function	Notes
glBegin()	Not supported.
glEnd()	Not supported.
glEdgeFlag[v]()	Not supported.
glVertex{234}{sifd}[v]()	Not supported.
glNormal3f()	Supported.
glNormal3{bsifd}[v]()	Not supported.
glNormal3{bsifd}[v]()	Not supported.
glTexCoord{1234}{sifd}[v]()	Not supported.
glMultiTexCoord4f()	Supported.
glMultiTexCoord{1234}{sifd}[v]()	Not supported.
glColor4f()	Supported.
glColor{34}{bsifd ub us ui}[v]()	Not supported.
glIndex{sifd ub}[v]()	Not supported.
glVertexPointer()	Supported. Type cannot be GL_INT or GL_DOUBLE, but support for GL_BYTE has been added.
glNormalPointer()	Supported. Type cannot be GL_INT or GL_DOUBLE, but support for GL_BYTE has been added.
glColorPointer()	Supported. Type cannot be GL_INT or GL_DOUBLE, but support for GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE has been added. In addition, the alpha value must be included with all colors; there is no support for specifying only the RGB values.
glIndexPointer()	Not supported.
glTexCoordPointer()	Supported.
	Type cannot be GL_INT or GL_DOUBLE, but support for GL_BYTE has been added. Also, because there is no support for 1D textures, at least 2 texture coordinates must be provided per vertex.
glEdgeFlagPointer()	Not supported.
glInterleavedArrays()	Not supported.
glArrayElement()	Not supported.
glDrawArrays()	GL_POINTS, GL_LINES, GL_LINE_LOOP, GL_LINE_STRIP, GL_TRIANGLES, GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, and GL_TRIANGLE_FAN are supported. GL_QUADS, GL_QUAD_STRIP, and GL_POLYGON are not supported.
glDrawElements()	GL_POINTS, GL_LINES, GL_LINE_LOOP, GL_LINE_STRIP, GL_TRIANGLES, GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, and GL_TRIANGLE_FAN are supported. GL_QUADS, GL_QUAD_STRIP, and GL_POLYGON are not supported. Type must either be GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE or GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT (not GL_UNSIGNED_INT).
glDrawRangeElements()	Supported.
glEnableClientState()	Valid for all supported attributes.
glDisableClientState()	Valid for all supported attributes.

Common NSString Methods
Method	Description
+(id) stringWithContentsOfFile: path encoding: enc error: err	Creates a new string and sets it to the path contents of a file specified by path using character encoding enc, returning error in err if non-nil
+(id) stringWithContentsOfURL: url encoding: enc error: err	Creates a new string and sets it to the contents of url using character encoding enc, returning error in err if non-nil
+(id) string	Creates a new empty string
+(id) stringWithString: nsstring	Creates a new string, setting it to nsstring
-(id) initWithString: nsstring	Sets a newly allocated string to nsstring
-(id) initWithContentsOfFile: path encoding: enc error: err	Sets a string to the contents of a file specified by path
-(id) initWithContentsOfURL: url encoding enc error: err	Sets a string to the contents of url (NSURL *) url using character encoding enc, returning error in err if non-nil
-(NSUInteger) length	Returns the number of characters in the string
-(unichar) characterAtIndex: i	Returns the Unicode character at index i
-(NSString *) substringFromIndex: i	Returns a substring from the character at i to the end
-(NSString *) substringWithRange: range	Returns a substring based on a specified range
-(NSString *) substringToIndex: i	Returns a substring from the start of the string up to the character at index i
-(NSComparator *) caseInsensitiveCompare: nsstring	Compares two strings, ignoring case
-(NSComparator *) compare: nsstring	Compares two strings
-(BOOL) hasPrefix: nsstring	Tests whether a string begins with nsstring
-(BOOL) hasSuffix: nsstring	Tests whether a string ends with nsstring
-(BOOL) isEqualToString: nsstring	Tests whether two strings are equal
-(NSString *) capitalizedString	Returns a string with the first letter of every word capitalized (and the remaining letters in each word converted to lower case)
-(NSString *) lowercaseString	Returns a string converted to lower case
-(NSString *) uppercaseString	Returns a string converted to upper case
-(const char *) UTF8String	Returns a string converted to a UTF-8 C-style character string
-(double) doubleValue	Returns a string converted to a double
-(float) floatValue	Returns a string converted to a floating value
-(NSInteger) integerValue	Returns a string converted to an NSInteger integer
-(int) intValue	Returns a string converted to an integer

Common NSMutableString Methods
Method	Description
+(id) stringWithCapacity: size	Creates a string initially containing size characters.
-(id) initWithCapacity: size	Initializes a string with an initial capacity of size characters.
-(void) setString: nsstring	Sets a string to nsstring.
-(void) appendString: nsstring	Appends nsstring to the end of the receiver.
-(void) deleteCharactersInRange: range	Deletes characters in a specified range.
-(void) insertString: nstring atIndex: i	Inserts nsstring into the receiver starting at index i.
-(void) replaceCharactersInRange: range withString: nsstring	Replaces characters in a specified range with nsstring.
-(void) replaceOccurrencesOf String: nsstring withString: nsstring2 options: opts range: range	Replaces all occurrences of nsstring with nsstring2 within a specified range and according to options opts. Options can include a bitwise-ORed combination of NSBackwardsSearch (the search starts from the end of range), NSAnchoredSearch (nsstring must match from the beginning of the range only), NSLiteralSearch (performs a byte-by-byte comparison), and NSCaseInsensitiveSearch.

Common NSArray Methods
Method	Description
+(id) arrayWithObjects: obj1, obj2, ... nil	Creates a new array with obj1, obj2, ... as its elements
-(BOOL) containsObject: obj	Determines whether the array contains obj (uses the isEqual: method)
-(NSUInteger) count	Indicates the number of elements in the array
-(NSUInteger) indexOfObject: obj	Specifies the index number of the first element that contains obj (uses the isEqual: method)
-(id) objectAtIndex: i	Indicates the object stored in element i
-(void) makeObjectsPerform Selector: (SEL) selector	Sends the message indicated by selector to every element of the array
-(NSArray *) sortedArrayUsing Selector: (SEL) selector	Sorts the array according to the comparison method specified by selector
-(BOOL) writeToFile: path automically: (BOOL) flag	Writes the array to the specified file, creating a temporary file first if flag is YES

Common NSMutableArray Methods
Method	Description
+(id) array	Creates an empty array
+(id) arrayWithCapacity: size	Creates an array with a specified initial size
-(id) initWithCapacity: size	Initializes a newly allocated array with a specified initial size
-(void) addObject: obj	Adds obj to the end of the array
-(void) insertObject: obj atIndex: i	Inserts obj into element i of the array
-(void) replaceObjectAtIndex: i withObject: obj	Replaces element i of the array with obj
-(void) removeObject: obj	Removes all occurrences of obj from the array
-(void) removeObjectAtIndex: i	Removes element i from the array, moving down elements i+1 through the end of the array
-(void) sortUsingSelector: (SEL) selector	Sorts the array based on the comparison method indicated by selector

Common NSDictionary Methods
Method	Description
+(id) dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys: obj1, key1, obj2, key2, ..., nil	Creates a dictionary with key-object pairs {key1, obj1}, {key2, obj2}, ...
-(id) initWithObjectsAndKeys: obj1, key1, obj2, key2,..., nil	Initializes a newly allocated dictionary with key-object pairs {key1, obj1}, {key2, obj2}, ...
-(unsigned int) count	Returns the number of entries in the dictionary
-(NSEnumerator *) keyEnumerator	Returns an NSEnumerator object for all the keys in the dictionary
-(NSArray *) keysSortedByValueUsingSelector: (SEL) selector	Returns an array of keys in the dictionary sorted according to the comparison method selector specifies
-(NSEnumerator *) objectEnumerator	Returns an NSEnumerator object for all the values in the dictionary
-(id) objectForKey: key	Returns the object for the specified key

Common NSMutableDictionary Methods
Method	Description
+(id) dictionaryWithCapacity: size	Creates a mutable dictionary with an initial specified size
-(id) initWithCapacity: size	Initializes a newly allocated dictionary to be of an initial specified size
-(void) removeAllObjects	Removes all entries from the dictionary
-(void) removeObjectForKey: key	Removes the entry for the specified key from the dictionary
-(void) setObject: obj forKey: key	Adds obj to the dictionary for the key key and replaces the value if key already exists

Common NSSet Methods
Method	Description
+(id) setWithObjects: obj1, obj2, ..., nil	Creates a new set from the list of objects
-(id) initWithObjects: obj1, obj2, ..., nil	Initializes a newly allocated set with a list of objects
-(NSUInteger) count	Returns the number of members in the set
-(BOOL) containsObject: obj	Determines whether the set contains obj
-(BOOL) member: obj	Determines whether the set contains obj (using the isEqual: method)
-(NSEnumerator *) objectEnumerator	Returns an NSEnumerator object for all the objects in the set
-(BOOL) isSubsetOfSet: nsset	Determines whether every member of the receiver is present in nsset
-(BOOL) intersectsSet: nsset	Determines whether at least one member of the receiver appears in nsset
-(BOOL) isEqualToSet: nsset	Determines whether the two sets are equal

Common NSMutableSet Methods
Method	Description
-(id) setWithCapacity: size	Creates a new set with an initial capacity to store size members
-(id) initWithCapacity: size	Sets the initial capacity of a newly allocated set to size members
-(void) addObject: obj	Adds obj to the set
-(void) removeObject: obj	Removes obj from the set
-(void) removeAllObjects	Removes all members of the receiver
-(void) unionSet: nsset	Adds each member of nsset to the receiver
-(void) minusSet: nsset	Removes all members of nsset from the receiver
-(void) intersectSet: nsset	Removes all members from the receiver that are not also in nsset

Common NSFileManager Methods
Method	Description
-(NSData *) contentsAtPath: path	Reads data from a file
-(NSData ) createFileAtPath: path contents: (NSData ) data attributes: attr	Writes data to a file
-(BOOL) removeFileAtPath: path handler: handler	Removes a file
-(BOOL) movePath: from toPath: to handler: handler	Renames or moves a file (to cannot already exist)
-(BOOL) copyPath: from toPath: to handler: handler	Copies a file (to cannot already exist)
-(BOOL) contentsEqualAtPath: path1 andPath: path2	Compares contents of two files
-(BOOL) fileExistsAtPath: path	Tests for file existence
-(BOOL) isReadableFileAtPath: path	Tests whether file exists and can be read
-(BOOL) isWritableFileAtPath: path	Tests whether file exists and can be written
-(NSDictionary *) fileAttributesAtPath: path traverseLink: (BOOL) flag	Gets attributes for file
-(BOOL) changeFileAttributes: attr atPath: path	Changes file attributes

Common Path Utility Methods
Method	Description
+(NSString *) pathWithComponents: components	Constructs a valid path from elements in components
-(NSArray *) pathComponents	Deconstructs a path into its constituent components
-(NSString *) lastPathComponent	Extracts the last component in a path
-(NSString *) pathExtension	Extracts the extension from the last component in a path
-(NSString *) stringByAppendingPathComponent: path	Adds path to the end of an existing path
-(NSString *) stringByAppendingPathExtension: ext	Adds the specified extension to the last component in the path
-(NSString *) stringByDeletingLastPathComponent	Removes the last path component
-(NSString *) stringByDeletingPathExtension	Removes the extension from the last path component
-(NSString *) stringByExpandingTildeInPath	Expands any tildes in the path to the user's home directory (~) or a specified user's home directory (~user)
-(NSString *) stringByResolvingSymlinksInPath	Attempts to resolve symbolic links in the path
-(NSString *) stringByStandardizingPath	Standardizes a path by attempting to resolve ~, ..(parent directory), .(current directory), and symbolic links